Global habitat suitability for framework-forming cold-water corals.
Global habitat suitability for framework-forming cold-water corals.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0018483
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发表时间：
2011-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Guinotte JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davies AJ;Guinotte JM
预测栖息地模型越来越多地被自然资源保护者、研究人员和政府机构用于确定尚未采样的地区的脆弱生态系统和物种分布。然而，在深海，一些限制因素限制了这种方法的广泛应用。这些问题包括物种存在的准确性问题、缺乏可靠的物种缺失数据以及已知或被认为控制深海物种分布的环境因素的空间分辨率有限。为了解决这些问题，全球栖息地适宜性模型已经产生了五个物种的框架形成石珊瑚，采取最好的现有数据，并使用一种新的方法来生成高分辨率的海底条件地图。高分辨率全球水深测量被用来对来自世界海洋地图集等来源的网格数据进行重新采样，以产生连续的30弧秒（101平方公里）全球网格，用于世界海洋的环境、化学和物理数据。由于环境变量的面积和分辨率增加，更多的珊瑚存在记录被纳入生境模型，模型预测的准确性提高。决定冷水珊瑚生境适宜性的最重要因素是深度、温度、文石饱和状态和盐度。模型的结果表明，大多数合适的珊瑚生境可能出现在大西洋、南太平洋和印度洋的大陆架和斜坡上。北太平洋很少有适合的石珊瑚栖息地。许多小尺度特征（即，在所有海盆中，都发现了未取样或未被确定为极有可能支持冷水珊瑚生境的海底山脉（海底山脉）。需要对新确定的区域进行实地验证，以确定模型结果的准确性，评估建模工作的效用，以确定脆弱的海洋生态系统，将其纳入未来的海洋保护区，并减少商业渔业的珊瑚副渔获物。
Predictive habitat models are increasingly being used by conservationists, researchers and governmental bodies to identify vulnerable ecosystems and species' distributions in areas that have not been sampled. However, in the deep sea, several limitations have restricted the widespread utilisation of this approach. These range from issues with the accuracy of species presences, the lack of reliable absence data and the limited spatial resolution of environmental factors known or thought to control deep-sea species' distributions. To address these problems, global habitat suitability models have been generated for five species of framework-forming scleractinian corals by taking the best available data and using a novel approach to generate high resolution maps of seafloor conditions. High-resolution global bathymetry was used to resample gridded data from sources such as World Ocean Atlas to produce continuous 30-arc second (∼1 km2) global grids for environmental, chemical and physical data of the world's oceans. The increased area and resolution of the environmental variables resulted in a greater number of coral presence records being incorporated into habitat models and higher accuracy of model predictions. The most important factors in determining cold-water coral habitat suitability were depth, temperature, aragonite saturation state and salinity. Model outputs indicated the majority of suitable coral habitat is likely to occur on the continental shelves and slopes of the Atlantic, South Pacific and Indian Oceans. The North Pacific has very little suitable scleractinian coral habitat. Numerous small scale features (i.e., seamounts), which have not been sampled or identified as having a high probability of supporting cold-water coral habitat were identified in all ocean basins. Field validation of newly identified areas is needed to determine the accuracy of model results, assess the utility of modelling efforts to identify vulnerable marine ecosystems for inclusion in future marine protected areas and reduce coral bycatch by commercial fisheries.
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