Imaging the Galápagos mantle plume with an unconventional application of floating seismometers

Imaging the Galápagos mantle plume with an unconventional application of floating seismometers
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通过非常规应用浮动地震仪对加拉帕戈斯地幔柱进行成像

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-36835-w
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Chen, Yongshun J.
Chen, Yongshun J.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nolet, Guust;Hello, Yann;Lee, Suzan van;Bonnieux, Sébastien;Ruiz, Mario C.;Pazmino, Nelson A.;Deschamps, Anne;Regnier, Marc M.;Font, Yvonne;Chen, Yongshun J.

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我们在加拉帕戈斯群岛附近发射了一个由9个自由浮动的海底地震仪组成的阵列,该地震仪持续运行了大约两年。在一定震级范围内观测到了区域地震和大震的P波和PKP波。信噪比受天气条件的影响很大,这决定了可以观测到的最低震级。来自深源地震的波更容易拾取,但信噪比可以通过滤波来提高,数据涵盖了所有深度的地震。我们测量了580个不同射线路径的到达时间。我们表明,即使是这样一个有限数量的数据,海洋上地幔的分辨率显着增加。这是第一次在地震层析成像中使用浮动地震仪阵列,以显着提高分辨率,否则无法获得地震信息。我们表明,加拉帕戈斯群岛是由一个深(约1900公里)200-300公里宽的高温羽,热通量远远大于预测的膨胀测深。地幔柱温度距平向地表逐渐减小,表明地幔存在亚绝热温度梯度。
We launched an array of nine freely floating submarine seismometers near the Galápagos islands, which remained operational for about two years. P and PKP waves from regional and teleseismic earthquakes were observed for a range of magnitudes. The signal-to-noise ratio is strongly influenced by the weather conditions and this determines the lowest magnitudes that can be observed. Waves from deep earthquakes are easier to pick, but the S/N ratio can be enhanced through filtering and the data cover earthquakes from all depths. We measured 580 arrival times for different raypaths. We show that even such a limited number of data gives a significant increase in resolution for the oceanic upper mantle. This is the first time an array of floating seismometers is used in seismic tomography to improve the resolution significantly where otherwise no seismic information is available. We show that the Galápagos Archipelago is underlain by a deep (about 1900 km) 200–300 km wide plume of high temperature, with a heat flux very much larger than predicted from its swell bathymetry. The decrease of the plume temperature anomaly towards the surface indicates that the Earth’s mantle has a subadiabatic temperature gradient.
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