Imaging the Galápagos mantle plume with an unconventional application of floating seismometers
Imaging the Galápagos mantle plume with an unconventional application of floating seismometers
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通过非常规应用浮动地震仪对加拉帕戈斯地幔柱进行成像
DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-36835-w
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Chen, Yongshun J.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nolet, Guust;Hello, Yann;Lee, Suzan van;Bonnieux, Sébastien;Ruiz, Mario C.;Pazmino, Nelson A.;Deschamps, Anne;Regnier, Marc M.;Font, Yvonne;Chen, Yongshun J.
We launched an array of nine freely floating submarine seismometers near the Galápagos islands, which remained operational for about two years. P and PKP waves from regional and teleseismic earthquakes were observed for a range of magnitudes. The signal-to-noise ratio is strongly influenced by the weather conditions and this determines the lowest magnitudes that can be observed. Waves from deep earthquakes are easier to pick, but the S/N ratio can be enhanced through filtering and the data cover earthquakes from all depths. We measured 580 arrival times for different raypaths. We show that even such a limited number of data gives a significant increase in resolution for the oceanic upper mantle. This is the first time an array of floating seismometers is used in seismic tomography to improve the resolution significantly where otherwise no seismic information is available. We show that the Galápagos Archipelago is underlain by a deep (about 1900 km) 200–300 km wide plume of high temperature, with a heat flux very much larger than predicted from its swell bathymetry. The decrease of the plume temperature anomaly towards the surface indicates that the Earth’s mantle has a subadiabatic temperature gradient.
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