Distributing Defenses: How Resource Defendability Shapes the Optimal Response to Risk

Distributing Defenses: How Resource Defendability Shapes the Optimal Response to Risk
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分配防御:资源防御性如何塑造对风险的最佳响应

DOI:
10.1086/718715
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dornhaus, Anna
Dornhaus, Anna
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Donaldson-Matasci, Matina C.;Powell, Scott;Dornhaus, Anna

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许多生物体将有限的防御划分为不同的资产。植物在价值、防御成本和食草风险不同的组织中分配防御化学物质。一些蚁群在不同体积、入口大小和攻击风险的多个巢穴中分配专门的防御者。我们开发了一个通用的数学模型,以确定最佳的战略划分防御资产之间的价值,可扩展性和攻击的风险。我们建立在植物防御理论的重点是可重复性,我们定义为防御性投资和成功防御之间的函数关系。我们表明,如果难以防御的资产成本更高,在资源防御理论假设,最优策略分配更多的防御这些资产,而不管风险。受洞穴筑巢蚂蚁的启发,我们还考虑了难以防御的资产被成功防御的可能性较低,即使防御性投资很高。在这种假设下,对高风险的最佳反应是减少对难以防御的资产的防御性配置,这是以前在龟蚁(Ceclantes)中观察到的保守策略。这种关于可重复性的新观点表明,在资产成功防御的机会不同的系统中,防御策略可能会以令人惊讶的方式对风险敏感。
Many organisms divide limited defenses among heterogeneous assets. Plants allocate defensive chemicals among tissues differing in value, cost of defense, and risk of herbivory. Some ant colonies allocate specialized defenders among multiple nests differing in volume, entrance size, and risk of attack. We develop a general mathematical model to determine the optimal strategy for dividing defenses among assets depending on their value, defendability, and risk of attack. We build on plant defense theory by focusing on defendability, which we define as the functional relationship between defensive investment and successful defense. We show that if hard-to-defend assets cost more to defend, as assumed in resource defense theory, the optimal strategy allocates more defenses to those assets, regardless of risk. Inspired by cavity-nesting ants, we also consider the possibility that hard-to-defend assets have a lower chance to be successfully defended, even when defensive investment is high. Under this assumption, the optimal response to elevated risk is to reduce defensive allocation to hard-to-defend assets, a conservative strategy previously observed in turtle ants (Cephalotes). This new perspective on defendability suggests that in systems where assets differ in the chance of successful defense, defensive strategies may evolve to be sensitive to risk in surprising ways.
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