Hunger and Satiety Gauge Reward Sensitivity.
Hunger and Satiety Gauge Reward Sensitivity.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2017.00104
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Tong Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassidy RM;Tong Q
许多已知的构成饥饿感和饱腹感基础的神经回路和激素，也在很大程度上改变了多巴胺能奖励系统的活动。人们对饥饿、饱腹感和奖励之间的关系非常感兴趣，因为肥胖的流行似乎与最近美味食物的发展和大量供应有关。在这篇综述中，我们将首先讨论中脑和基底前脑奖励系统的基本神经回路。我们将详细阐述几种重要的饥饿介质——弓形核、下丘脑外侧核和胃饥饿素的针刺相关蛋白神经元如何增强多巴胺能奖励系统的敏感性。然后，我们将详细阐述饱足感的介质——孤束核、弓形核的促阿片黑素皮质素神经元及其周围激素（如瘦素）的影响——如何降低奖励系统的敏感性。我们希望提供一个模板，通过这个模板，未来的研究可以确定高回报食物绕过这个平衡系统产生过度食物消耗的方式。
Many of the neurocircuits and hormones known to underlie the sensations of hunger and satiety also substantially alter the activity of the dopaminergic reward system. Much interest lies in the ways that hunger, satiety, and reward tie together, as the epidemic of obesity seems tied to the recent development and mass availability of highly palatable foods. In this review, we will first discuss the basic neurocircuitry of the midbrain and basal forebrain reward system. We will elaborate how several important mediators of hunger—the agouti-related protein neurons of the arcuate nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, and ghrelin—enhance the sensitivity of the dopaminergic reward system. Then, we will elaborate how mediators of satiety—the nucleus tractus solitarius, pro-opiomelanocortin neurons of the arcuate nucleus, and its peripheral hormonal influences such as leptin—reduce the reward system sensitivity. We hope to provide a template by which future research may identify the ways in which highly rewarding foods bypass this balanced system to produce excessive food consumption.