Restricting retrotransposons: a review.
Restricting retrotransposons: a review.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13100-016-0070-z
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Goodier JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Goodier JL
反转录转座子产生了大约40%的人类基因组。这篇综述探讨了细胞进化与这些基因组“寄生虫”共存的策略，重点是人类和小鼠的非长末端重复反转录转座子。逆转录转位的一些限制因子，包括APOBECs、MOV10、RNASEL、SAMHD1、TREX1和ZAP，也限制逆转录病毒（包括HIV）的复制，并且是细胞内在免疫系统的一部分。许多这些蛋白质在细胞质中降解逆转录因子RNA或抑制其翻译。一些因子在细胞核中起作用，涉及DNA修复酶或DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰的表观遗传过程。RISC和piRNA通路蛋白保护种系。逆转录转座子的控制在某些细胞类型中是放松的，例如大脑中的神经元、干细胞以及某些类型的疾病和癌症，这对人类健康和疾病有影响。这篇综述还考虑了解释反转录转座子相关数据的潜在缺陷，以及未来研究需要考虑的问题。
Retrotransposons have generated about 40 % of the human genome. This review examines the strategies the cell has evolved to coexist with these genomic “parasites”, focussing on the non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons of humans and mice. Some of the restriction factors for retrotransposition, including the APOBECs, MOV10, RNASEL, SAMHD1, TREX1, and ZAP, also limit replication of retroviruses, including HIV, and are part of the intrinsic immune system of the cell. Many of these proteins act in the cytoplasm to degrade retroelement RNA or inhibit its translation. Some factors act in the nucleus and involve DNA repair enzymes or epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and histone modification. RISC and piRNA pathway proteins protect the germline. Retrotransposon control is relaxed in some cell types, such as neurons in the brain, stem cells, and in certain types of disease and cancer, with implications for human health and disease. This review also considers potential pitfalls in interpreting retrotransposon-related data, as well as issues to consider for future research.