Economic and Environmental Assessment of Seed and Rhizome Propagated Miscanthus in the UK.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Seed and Rhizome Propagated Miscanthus in the UK.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.01058
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Clifton-Brown J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hastings A;Mos M;Yesufu JA;McCalmont J;Schwarz K;Shafei R;Ashman C;Nunn C;Schuele H;Cosentino S;Scalici G;Scordia D;Wagner M;Clifton-Brown J
自2010年以来，由于技术挑战、经济障碍和环境问题，欧洲生物质芒草种植面积的增长停滞不前。在芒属植物的生物量生产扩大到数百万公顷之前，需要克服这些限制。在本文中，我们考虑了引入种子杂交作为克隆M的替代品的经济和环境效应。x teus（Mxg）.将基于种子的繁殖和新农艺学的影响与当前的Mxg栽培进行了比较，并用于2012年至2014年在英国，德国和乌克兰种植的10个商业相关的田间规模实验。对以下生产链的经济和温室气体（GHG）排放成本进行了量化：繁殖、建立、收获、运输、储存和燃料制备（不包括土壤碳变化）。比较了种子繁殖和根茎繁殖的生产和利用效率。结果表明，新的杂交种子繁殖显着降低建立成本低于£900公顷-1。计算的温室气体排放成本为建立种子通过插头，虽然相对较小，高于根茎，因为化石燃料被假定为加热温室培育幼苗插头（5.3和1.5公斤二氧化碳当量）。C Mg [干物质（DM）]-1）。地膜覆盖缩短了定植时间，提高了作物经济效益。盈亏平衡产量计算为6 Mg DM ha-1 y-1，约为Mxg的英国平均产量的一半;在英国第二年试验中，较新的种子杂交种达到16 Mg DM ha-1。这些综合改进将大大提高作物的盈利能力。不同原料形式制备的生产成本之间的权衡表明，捆包是直接燃烧的最佳选择，运输成本最低（£0.04 Mg-1 km-1），易于在农场储存。然而，如果需要颗粒状燃料，则切屑收获更经济。我们展示了当前基于种子的繁殖方法如何提高芒属植物的繁殖率; 100 ×100当前根茎繁殖的方法。生物质生产的这些快速升温速率需要提供可扩展且经济的芒草生物质燃料，其温室气体排放量是每单位热量天然气的1/20。
Growth in planted areas of Miscanthus for biomass in Europe has stagnated since 2010 due to technical challenges, economic barriers and environmental concerns. These limitations need to be overcome before biomass production from Miscanthus can expand to several million hectares. In this paper, we consider the economic and environmental effects of introducing seed based hybrids as an alternative to clonal M. x giganteus (Mxg). The impact of seed based propagation and novel agronomy was compared with current Mxg cultivation and used in 10 commercially relevant, field scale experiments planted between 2012 and 2014 in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Ukraine. Economic and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions costs were quantified for the following production chain: propagation, establishment, harvest, transportation, storage, and fuel preparation (excluding soil carbon changes). The production and utilization efficiency of seed and rhizome propagation were compared. Results show that new hybrid seed propagation significantly reduces establishment cost to below £900 ha-1. Calculated GHG emission costs for the seeds established via plugs, though relatively small, was higher than rhizomes because fossil fuels were assumed to heat glasshouses for raising seedling plugs (5.3 and 1.5 kg CO2 eq. C Mg [dry matter (DM)]-1), respectively. Plastic mulch film reduced establishment time, improving crop economics. The breakeven yield was calculated to be 6 Mg DM ha-1 y-1, which is about half average United Kingdom yield for Mxg; with newer seeded hybrids reaching 16 Mg DM ha-1 in second year United Kingdom trials. These combined improvements will significantly increase crop profitability. The trade-offs between costs of production for the preparation of different feedstock formats show that bales are the best option for direct firing with the lowest transport costs (£0.04 Mg-1 km-1) and easy on-farm storage. However, if pelleted fuel is required then chip harvesting is more economic. We show how current seed based propagation methods can increase the rate at which Miscanthus can be scaled up; ∼×100 those of current rhizome propagation. These rapid ramp rates for biomass production are required to deliver a scalable and economic Miscanthus biomass fuel whose GHG emissions are ∼1/20th those of natural gas per unit of heat.