In Search of On-Line Locality Effects in Sentence Comprehension
In Search of On-Line Locality Effects in Sentence Comprehension
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024194
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Smith, Mason R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartek, Brian;Lewis, Richard L.;Smith, Mason R.
许多理解理论断言，增加参与语言关系的要素之间的距离（例如，动词和名词短语论点）增加了在在线理解过程中建立这种关系的困难。这种局部效果有望增加阅读时间，并被认为可以揭示支持理解的短期记忆系统的属性和局限性。但是，尽管具有理论上的重要性和推定的普遍性，但是在线和方法上，在线位置效应的证据在线和方法上仍然很狭窄：它几乎仅限于对涉及特定句法关系类别的复杂结构的自定进度读数。我们提出了4个实验（2个自定进度读数和2个眼镜实验），这些实验证明了在建立主语 - 动词依赖性过程中的位置效应；即使在可以快速，轻松阅读的材料中也可以看到局部效果。这些局部性效应是最早可能的眼动措施观察到的，并且持续时间比以前报道的效果要短得多。为了说明观察到的经验模式，我们概述了按下按钮和眼动的自适应控制的处理模型。该模型朝着消除记忆构建体和经验措施之间的链接假设的目标取得了进步，以支持对运动响应和解析协调控制的明确理论。
Many comprehension theories assert that increasing the distance between elements participating in a linguistic relation (e.g., a verb and a noun phrase argument) increases the difficulty of establishing that relation during on-line comprehension. Such locality effects are expected to increase reading times and are thought to reveal properties and limitations of the short-term memory system that supports comprehension. Despite their theoretical importance and putative ubiquity, however, evidence for on-line locality effects is quite narrow linguistically and methodologically: It is restricted almost exclusively to self-paced reading of complex structures involving a particular class of syntactic relation. We present 4 experiments (2 self-paced reading and 2 eyetracking experiments) that demonstrate locality effects in the course of establishing subject-verb dependencies; locality effects are seen even in materials that can be read quickly and easily. These locality effects are observable in the earliest possible eye-movement measures and are of much shorter duration than previously reported effects. To account for the observed empirical patterns, we outline a processing model of the adaptive control of button pressing and eye movements. This model makes progress toward the goal of eliminating linking assumptions between memory constructs and empirical measures in favor of explicit theories of the coordinated control of motor responses and parsing.