Ecology and evolution of cycad‐feeding Lepidoptera
Ecology and evolution of cycad‐feeding Lepidoptera
复制标题
苏铁的生态学和进化——摄食鳞翅目
DOI：
10.1111/ele.13581
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Turlings, ed., Ted
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitaker, Melissa R. L.;Salzman, Shayla;Turlings, ed., Ted
苏铁是一种古老的热带裸子植物，对大多数动物（包括人类）有毒，尽管许多蛾和蝴蝶（鳞翅目）的幼虫以苏铁为食，具有明显的免疫力。这些昆虫属于不同的谱系，具有不同程度的专业化和多样化的摄食生态，为化学介导的生态进化动力学的比较研究提供了许多机会。本文介绍了第一个进化评价苏铁喂养之间的鳞翅目沿着与全面审查其生态。我们的分析表明，多个谱系独立地从被子植物宿主中殖民苏铁，但只有少数分支出现辐射后，他们的过渡到苏铁。防御特性可能对多样化很重要，因为许多苏铁专家都是警告性的颜色和隔离苏铁毒素。蝴蝶家族灰蝶科似乎特别倾向于以苏铁为食，几种苏铁灰蝶科的颜色和化学防御性都令人警惕。苏铁-食草动物的相互作用提供了一个有前途的，但未充分利用的研究系统，调查植物-昆虫的共同进化，收敛和发散的适应，以及防御性状的多营养意义;因此，审查结束时提出具体的研究差距，将卓有成效地解决鳞翅目和其他苏铁喂养昆虫。
Cycads are an ancient group of tropical gymnosperms that are toxic to most animals – including humans – though the larvae of many moths and butterflies (order: Lepidoptera) feed on cycads with apparent immunity. These insects belong to distinct lineages with varying degrees of specialisation and diverse feeding ecologies, presenting numerous opportunities for comparative studies of chemically mediated eco‐evolutionary dynamics. This review presents the first evolutionary evaluation of cycad‐feeding among Lepidoptera along with a comprehensive review of their ecology. Our analysis suggests that multiple lineages have independently colonised cycads from angiosperm hosts, yet only a few clades appear to have radiated following their transitions to cycads. Defensive traits are likely important for diversification, as many cycad specialists are warningly coloured and sequester cycad toxins. The butterfly family Lycaenidae appears to be particularly predisposed to cycad‐feeding and several cycadivorous lycaenids are warningly coloured and chemically defended. Cycad–herbivore interactions provide a promising but underutilised study system for investigating plant–insect coevolution, convergent and divergent adaptations, and the multi‐trophic significance of defensive traits; therefore the review ends by suggesting specific research gaps that would be fruitfully addressed in Lepidoptera and other cycad‐feeding insects.