Your mind wanders weakly, your mind wanders deeply: Objective measures reveal mindless reading at different levels
Your mind wanders weakly, your mind wanders deeply: Objective measures reveal mindless reading at different levels
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.004
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Engbert, Ralf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schad, Daniel J.;Nuthmann, Antje;Engbert, Ralf
当思维漫游时，注意力从外部环境转移，认知处理与感知信息脱钩。走神通常被视为二分法（二分法假设），并经常使用自我报告进行测量。在此，我们提出了注意力不集中水平假说，该假说假设在不同的认知加工层次上注意力的解耦程度是不同的。为了测量阅读过程中注意解耦的等级水平，我们引入了基于错误检测的心理物理学的持续注意刺激任务（SAST）。在可能导致走神的实验条件下，我们发现受试者不太可能注意到需要高水平处理的错误，而不是只需要低水平处理的错误。眼动追踪显示，在错误被忽视之前，高水平和低水平的语言变量对眼睛注视的影响以分级的方式减少，表明在弱和深层次的无意识阅读的情节。个体注视持续时间预测了词汇错误发生前5 s的忽略。我们的研究结果支持注意力不集中的水平假说，并建议不同水平的无意识阅读可以测量行为在SAST。利用眼动追踪技术在线检测走神是一种很有前途的方法，可以开发新的技术来研究走神并改善其负面影响。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
When the mind wanders, attention turns away from the external environment and cognitive processing is decoupled from perceptual information. Mind wandering is usually treated as a dichotomy (dichotomy-hypothesis), and is often measured using self-reports. Here, we propose the levels of inattention hypothesis, which postulates attentional decoupling to graded degrees at different hierarchical levels of cognitive processing. To measure graded levels of attentional decoupling during reading we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST), which is based on psychophysics of error detection. Under experimental conditions likely to induce mind wandering, we found that subjects were less likely to notice errors that required high-level processing for their detection as opposed to errors that only required low-level processing. Eye tracking revealed that before errors were overlooked influences of high- and low-level linguistic variables on eye fixations were reduced in a graded fashion, indicating episodes of mindless reading at weak and deep levels. Individual fixation durations predicted overlooking of lexical errors 5 s before they occurred. Our findings support the levels of inattention hypothesis and suggest that different levels of mindless reading can be measured behaviorally in the SAST. Using eye tracking to detect mind wandering online represents a promising approach for the development of new techniques to study mind wandering and to ameliorate its negative consequences. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.