Single fibre enables acoustic fabrics via nanometre-scale vibrations
Single fibre enables acoustic fabrics via nanometre-scale vibrations
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-022-04476-9
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发表时间：
2022-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Fink, Yoel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yan, Wei;Noel, Grace;Fink, Yoel
织物，由于其组成和结构，传统上被用作吸声体（1，2）。在这里，受听觉系统（3）的启发，我们介绍了一种织物，它作为一个敏感的听觉麦克风，同时保留了织物的传统品质，如机洗性和悬垂性。织物介质由高杨氏模量纺织纱线组成，在棉经纱的纬纱中，将可听频率下的10（-7）个大气压的微弱压力波转换为低阶机械振动模式。编织到织物中的是热拉伸复合压电纤维，其符合织物并将机械振动转换为电信号。关键在于，光纤的敏感性是一种弹性体包层，它将机械应力集中在压电复合材料层中，压电复合材料层具有约46皮库仑/牛顿的高压电充电系数，这是热拉伸过程的结果。响应于可听声激励的电输出和空间振动模式的同时测量揭示，具有纳米振幅位移的织物振动模式是纤维的电输出的源。由于纤维占织物体积的不到0.1%，单根纤维拉丝就可以生产数十平方米的织物麦克风。三种不同的应用证明了这项研究的有用性：带有双声纤维的编织衬衫测量声脉冲的精确方向，在作为声音发射器和接收器的两种织物之间建立双向通信，以及衬衫听诊心音信号。
Fabrics, byvirtue of their composition and structure, have traditionally been used as acoustic absorbers(1,2). Here, inspired bythe auditory system(3), we introduce a fabric that operates as a sensitive audible microphone while retaining the traditional qualities of fabrics, such as machine washability and draping. The fabric medium is composed of high-Young's modulus textile yarns in the weft of a cotton warp, convertingtenuous 10(-7)-atmosphere pressure waves at audible frequencies into lower-order mechanical vibration modes. Woven into the fabric is a thermally drawn composite piezoelectric fibre that conforms to the fabric and converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. Keyto the fibre sensitivity is an elastomeric cladding that concentrates the mechanical stress in a piezocomposite layer with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient of approximately 46 picocoulombs per newton, a result of the thermal drawing process. Concurrent measurements of electric output and spatial vibration patterns in response to audible acoustic excitation reveal that fabric vibrational modes with nanometre amplitude displacement are the source of the electrical output of the fibre. With the fibre subsuming lessthan 0.1% of the fabric byvolume, a single fibre draw enables tens of square metres of fabric microphone. Three different applications exemplify the usefulness of this study: a woven shirt with dual acoustic fibres measuresthe precise direction of an acoustic impulse, bidirectional communications are established between two fabrics working as sound emitters and receivers, and a shirt auscultates cardiac sound signals.