Chemical and physical diversity of hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8°45′N to 11°50′N
Chemical and physical diversity of hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8°45′N to 11°50′N
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东太平洋海隆沿线 8°45′N 至 11°50′N 热液羽流的化学和物理多样性
DOI：
10.1029/93gl00906
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Feely
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Lupton;E. Baker;M. Mottl;F. Sansone;C. Wheat;J. Resing;G. Massoth;C. Measures;R. Feely
我们沿着东太平洋隆起(EPR)轴从8°45‘N延伸到11°50’N的一段350公里长的水柱热液羽流进行了调查，包括1991年Alvin潜水发现了最近海底火山喷发证据的9°45‘-54’N区域。我们的调查包括对温度异常、光衰减(悬浮颗粒)、甲烷、氢、铁、锰、氦和铝的测量。我们在克利珀顿转换断层(CTF)以南9°27‘~9°57’N和CTF以北11°05‘~11°35’N两个主要区域探测到了强光衰减羽流，但这两个区域的羽流具有非常不同的物理化学特征。在被认为具有神奇力量的海脊以南，羽流具有非常高的氦/热、甲烷/锰和S/铁的比率。CTF以北的羽流具有较低的氦/热、甲烷/锰和S/铁比值。这些挥发分/热和挥发分/金属比值的显著差异表明，9°50‘N附近的羽流来自一个年轻的演化的热液系统，而∼11°10’N的活动来自一个较老的、稳定的系统。这一调查表明，水柱羽流测量不仅可以用来准确定位热液活动区，而且还可以确定从海底流出的热液流体的一级化学和物理特征。
We conducted a survey of water-column hydrothermal plumes along a 350-km long section of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) axis stretching from 8°45′N to 11°50′N, including the region at 9°45′–54′N where 1991 ALVIN dives found evidence for recent seafloor volcanic eruptions. Our survey included measurements of temperature anomaly, light attenuation (suspended particles), methane, hydrogen, iron, manganese, helium, and aluminum. We detected strong light attenuation plumes in two main regions: south of the Clipperton Transform Fault (CTF) from 9°27′N to 9°57′N and north of the CTF from 11°05′N to 11°35′N. However, the plumes at these two regions had very different physical and chemical characteristics. South of the CTF, where the ridge is thought to be magmatically robust, the plumes had very high ratios of ³He/heat, methane/Mn and S/Fe. Plumes north of the CTF had much lower ratios of ³He/heat, methane/Mn, and S/Fe. These striking differences in volatile/heat and volatile/metal ratios suggest that the plumes in the vicinity of 9°50′N were derived from a young, evolving hydrothermal system, while the activity at ∼11°10′N is from an older, stable system. This survey demonstrated that water-column plume measurements can be used not only to accurately locate regions of hydrothermal activity, but also to determine the first-order chemical and physical characteristics of the hydrothermal fluids exiting from the seafloor.