Personality predicts foraging site fidelity and trip repeatability in a marine predator
Personality predicts foraging site fidelity and trip repeatability in a marine predator
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13106
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发表时间：
2019-10-18
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Patrick, Samantha C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harris, Stephanie M.;Descamps, Sebastien;Patrick, Samantha C.
动物种群通常由觅食专家和通才组成。例如，有些人表现出较高的觅食网站保真度（空间专业化）比其他人。这种专业化程度的个体差异在长寿动物中可以持续数月甚至数年的时间尺度，但导致这些不同个体策略的机制尚未完全理解。越来越多的证据表明，觅食行为的个体差异是由动物的个性特征（如大胆）塑造的。尽管如此，大胆推动专业化程度差异的潜力尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用了新的对象测试，以衡量大胆的黑腿三趾鸥（里萨tridactyla）繁殖在斯瓦尔巴群岛的四个殖民地，并部署GPS记录器，以检查他们在海上觅食行为。我们估计的重复性觅食旅行，并使用隐马尔可夫模型来确定觅食地点的位置，以量化个人觅食网站的保真度。在整个繁殖季节，大胆的鸟类比害羞的个人在觅食行程的距离和范围更可重复，在孵化期（但不是小鸡饲养），大胆的个人更网站忠实。鸟类表现出这些差异，同时在觅食区域表现出高度的空间相似性，这表明地点选择不是由个性依赖的空间划分驱动的。相反，我们认为大胆和网站保真度之间的关系可能是由大胆和害羞的个人之间的行为灵活性的差异。总之，这些结果提供了一个潜在的机制，广泛报道的个体差异觅食专业化可能会出现。
Animal populations are often comprised of both foraging specialists and generalists. For instance, some individuals show higher foraging site fidelity (spatial specialization) than others. Such individual differences in degree of specialization can persist over time-scales of months or even years in long-lived animals, but the mechanisms leading to these different individual strategies are not fully understood. There is accumulating evidence that individual variation in foraging behaviour is shaped by animal personality traits, such as boldness. Despite this, the potential for boldness to drive differences in the degree of specialization is unknown. In this study, we used novel object tests to measure boldness in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) breeding at four colonies in Svalbard and deployed GPS loggers to examine their at-sea foraging behaviour. We estimated the repeatability of foraging trips and used a hidden Markov model to identify locations of foraging sites in order to quantify individual foraging site fidelity. Across the breeding season, bolder birds were more repeatable than shy individuals in the distance and range of their foraging trips, and during the incubation period (but not chick rearing), bolder individuals were more site-faithful. Birds exhibited these differences while showing high spatial similarity in foraging areas, indicating that site selection was not driven by personality-dependent spatial partitioning. We instead suggest that a relationship between boldness and site fidelity may be driven by differences in behavioural flexibility between bold and shy individuals. Together, these results provide a potential mechanism by which widely reported individual differences in foraging specialization may emerge.