Disparities in rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the United States by race and ethnicity
Disparities in rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the United States by race and ethnicity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-018-0204-z
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Kammen, Daniel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sunter, Deborah A.;Castellanos, Sergio;Kammen, Daniel M.
美国的屋顶太阳能产业经历了戏剧性的增长--自2012年以来每年大约增长50%，同时价格稳步下降。尽管这为清洁、可靠的电力提供了变革性的机会，但好处可能不会惠及所有个人和社区。结合谷歌天窗计划中屋顶光伏(PV)现有和潜在地点的位置，以及美国社区调查的人口信息，比较了按种族和民族占多数分组的人口普查区域对屋顶光伏的相对采用率。黑人和西班牙裔占多数的人口普查地区平均安装的屋顶光伏明显较少。这种差异往往被归因于家庭收入和住房拥有率方面的种族和族裔差异。在这项研究中，即使我们考虑了这些差异，显著的种族差异仍然存在。对于相同的家庭收入中位数，黑人和西班牙裔占多数的人口普查地区安装的屋顶光伏发电设备比没有安装屋顶光伏发电设备的地区分别少69%和30%，而白人占多数的人口普查地区安装的屋顶光伏发电设备多21%。在对住房拥有率进行校正后，黑人和西班牙裔占多数的人口普查地区安装的屋顶光伏发电设备比没有安装屋顶光伏发电设备的地区分别减少了61%和45%，而白人占多数的人口普查地区安装的屋顶光伏发电设备增加了37%。同时也考虑了社会分散效应。这一分析揭示了屋顶太阳能参与中的种族和民族不公。
The rooftop solar industry in the United States has experienced dramatic growth-roughly 50% per year since 2012, along with steadily falling prices. Although the opportunities this affords for clean, reliable power are transformative, the benefits might not accrue to all individuals and communities. Combining the location of existing and potential sites for rooftop photovoltaics (PV) from Google's Project Sunroof and demographic information from the American Community Survey, the relative adoption of rooftop PV is compared across census tracts grouped by racial and ethnic majority. Black-and Hispanic-majority census tracts show on average significantly less rooftop PV installed. This disparity is often attributed to racial and ethnic differences in household income and home ownership. In this study, significant racial disparity remains even after we account for these differences. For the same median household income, black- and Hispanic-majority census tracts have installed less rooftop PV compared with no majority tracts by 69 and 30%, respectively, while white-majority census tracts have installed 21% more. When correcting for home ownership, black- and Hispanic-majority census tracts have installed less rooftop PV compared with no majority tracts by 61 and 45%, respectively, while white-majority census tracts have installed 37% more. The social dispersion effect is also considered. This Analysis reveals the racial and ethnic injustice in rooftop solar participation.