Immune responses to HIV and SIV in mucosal tissues: 'location, location, location'.
Immune responses to HIV and SIV in mucosal tissues: 'location, location, location'.
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DOI：
10.1097/coh.0b013e328335c178
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Shacklett BL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shacklett BL
本文综述了关于HIV和SIV粘膜免疫的研究文献，重点介绍了近18个月内发表的研究成果。最近值得注意的研究集中在急性HIV/SIV感染期间粘膜组织内发生的关键事件，这些事件有助于在有害的免疫激活和有益的适应性反应之间建立平衡。在宫颈阴道粘膜，早期的炎症反应导致易感靶细胞的募集。在这个急性阶段，CD8+效应细胞和受感染的CD4+ t细胞的体内比例可能是限制病毒传播的关键。急性感染还伴随着生发中心结构的丧失和胃肠道Peyer 's斑块的T/B细胞凋亡。在慢性感染期间，粘膜CD8+ t细胞可能在免疫控制中发挥作用，正如精英控制者的研究所表明的那样。粘膜组织是艾滋病毒的主要入口，也是人体大部分淋巴细胞的住所，包括CD4+ t细胞，它们是感染的目标。最近的研究重新关注了传播后立即发生的事件，并强调了炎症和保护性免疫之间的平衡是由粘膜组织中的宿主反应建立的这一概念。
This review summarizes research literature regarding mucosal immunity to HIV and SIV, with an emphasis on work published within the past 18 months. Notable recent studies have focused on the pivotal events occurring within mucosal tissues during acute HIV/SIV infection that serve to establish a balance between detrimental immune activation and beneficial adaptive responses. In cervicovaginal mucosa, an early inflammatory response leads to recruitment of susceptible target cells. At this acute stage, the in vivo ratio between CD8+ effector cells and infected CD4+ T-cells may be critical for limiting viral dissemination. Acute infection is also accompanied by loss of germinal center architecture and T/B cell apoptosis in Peyer’s patches of the gastrointestinal tract. During chronic infection, mucosal CD8+ T-cells may play a role in immune control, as suggested by studies of elite controllers. Mucosal tissues serve as the major portal of entry for HIV, and house a majority of the body’s lymphocytes, including CD4+ T-cells that are targets for infection. Recent studies have focused renewed attention on events occurring immediately after transmission, and underscore the concept that the balance between inflammation and protective immunity is established by host responses in mucosal tissues.