Reproductive success of bromadiolone-resistant rats in absence of anticoagulant pressure
Reproductive success of bromadiolone-resistant rats in absence of anticoagulant pressure
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.1249
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Siegismund, Hans R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heiberg, Ann-Charlotte;Leirs, Herwig;Siegismund, Hans R.
褐家鼠对抗凝血灭鼠剂的抗药性与多效性作用有关，特别是与饮食中增加的维生素K需求有关。由于这一缺点，如果没有抗凝剂选择，抗药性被认为是被选择的。在野生褐鼠的小型实验种群中，进行了一项调查，以确定对抗凝剂暴露的耐受性是否在2年内发生了变化。在相同的种群中，DNA微卫星标记被用来推断亲子关系，这使得估计敏感和抗性大鼠的繁殖成功和估计有效种群数量N-c成为可能。尽管有证据表明可以选择高维生素K需求的耐药大鼠，但如果不选择溴敌隆，抗凝剂耐受性并未受到显著影响。由于被调查的种群规模很小，随机遗传漂移可能在其中起到了作用。然而，在溴敌隆选择的存在下，耐受性显著增加，这表明连续选择将增加高抗性鼠在种群中的比例。研究发现，对于雄性和雌性来说，出人意料的是，很少有个体对后代众多的下一代做出贡献，而大多数育种者没有后代或只有一个后代。在没有抗凝剂选择的情况下，没有观察到预期的更高的繁殖成功率和随之而来的敏感大鼠比例的增加。在抗性的老鼠中，中等抗性的雌性被发现比高抗性的繁殖者更好的繁殖者，但对于抗性的雄性来说，情况正好相反。这可能是因为维生素K需求的增加导致了性别差异选择；在高抵抗力的男性中，这种选择可能发生在未成熟阶段，而在女性中，维生素K需求在生殖阶段变得至关重要，因为维生素K不仅对血液凝固过程至关重要，而且对骨骼形成也是必不可少的。(C)2006年化学工业学会。
Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) is associated with pleiotropic effects, notably with an increased dietary vitamin K requirement. Owing to this disadvantage, resistance is believed to be selected against if anticoagulant selection is absent. In small experimental populations of wild brown rats, an investigation was carried out to establish whether tolerance to anticoagulant exposure changed over a period of 2 years. In the same populations, DNA microsatellite markers were used to infer parentage, and this made it possible to estimate reproductive success of sensitive and resistant rats and estimate effective population size, N-c. Even though there was evidence for a selection against resistant rats with high vitamin K requirement, anticoagulant tolerance was not seen to be significantly influenced in the absence of bromadiolone selection. As the population size under investigation was small, random genetic drift may have played a role in this. In the presence of bromadiolone selection, however, the tolerance was significantly increased, suggesting that continuous selection will increase the proportion of highly resistant rats in the population. It was found that, for both males and females, surprisingly few individuals contributed to the next generation with numerous offspring, and most breeders contributed with none or a single offspring. The expected higher reproductive success and consequent increase in proportional numbers of sensitive rats in the absence of anticoagulant selection could not be observed. Among the resistant rats, moderately resistant females were found to be better breeders than highly resistant breeders, but for resistant males the reverse was true. This could be explained by the fact that the increased vitamin K requirement results in sex differential selection; in highly resistant males the selection presumably takes place at the immature stage, whereas in females the vitamin K requirement becomes crucial at the reproductive stage, as vitamin K is not only essential for the blood clotting process but also for bone formation. (c) 2006 Society of Chemical Industry.