The New Science of Wise Psychological Interventions
The New Science of Wise Psychological Interventions
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721413512856
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Walton, Gregory M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Walton, Gregory M.
公民在重大选举的前一天完成一项调查;调查项目语法结构的变化使投票率增加11个百分点。人们回答一个问题，他们的浪漫关系在几周内得到改善。处于危险中的学生完成1小时的阅读和写作练习;他们的成绩上升，他们的健康状况在未来3年内得到改善。每一种说法听起来都很奇怪，与其说是科学，不如说是科幻小说。然而，每一个都代表了最近心理科学研究的结果（分别为Bryan，Walton，Rogers，& Dweck，2011; Marigold，Holmes，& Ross，2007，2010; Walton & Cohen，2011）。这些研究表明，比人们想象的更多，特定的心理过程有助于重大的社会问题。这些过程在引起社会问题的复杂系统中起杠杆作用。精确的干预可以改变他们，我称之为明智的干预，可以产生显着的好处，并随着时间的推移。什么是明智的干预？它们是如何工作的？如何帮助解决社会问题？
Citizens complete a survey the day before a major election; a change in the survey items' grammatical structure increases turnout by 11 percentage points. People answer a single question; their romantic relationships improve over several weeks. At-risk students complete a 1-hour reading-and-writing exercise; their grades rise and their health improves for the next 3 years. Each statement may sound outlandishmore science fiction than science. Yet each represents the results of a recent study in psychological science (respectively, Bryan, Walton, Rogers, & Dweck, 2011; Marigold, Holmes, & Ross, 2007, 2010; Walton & Cohen, 2011). These studies have shown, more than one might have thought, that specific psychological processes contribute to major social problems. These processes act as levers in complex systems that give rise to social problems. Precise interventions that alter themwhat I call wise interventionscan produce significant benefits and do so over time. What are wise interventions? How do they work? And how can they help solve social problems?