Chemical characterization of air pollution in Eastern China and the Eastern United States
Chemical characterization of air pollution in Eastern China and the Eastern United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.059
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Richter, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tie, XX;Brasseur, GP;Richter, A
利用MODIS、GOME和MOPITT卫星资料，结合全球大气化学传输模式（MOZART-2），对中国东部和美国东部地区的大气污染特征进行了分析，以评价这两个地区光化学条件的差异。观测结果表明，中国东部的气溶胶浓度（包括细模式（半径< 0.5 μ m）和粗模式（半径> 0.5 μ m））高于美国东部。这两个区域的NOx浓度大大高于诸如海洋的偏远区域（150，而太平洋上为5（10（14）##cm（-2）。两个城市化地区的CO浓度都很高（30，而太平洋上空为10（10（17）#cm（-2）。然而，中国东部的人为和生物来源的非甲烷碳氢化合物的浓度远低于美国东部。因此，中国东部夏季光化学臭氧产生速率和臭氧浓度（夏季日平均浓度为40-50 ppbv）明显低于美国东部（日平均值为60-70 ppbv）。分析还表明，在中国东部，O-3的产生主要是由于一氧化碳的氧化（占O-3总产量的54%），而在美国东部，O-3的产生主要归因于活性烃的氧化（占O-3总产量的68%）。结果还表明，生物源排放的碳氢化合物的生产在美国东部的O-3作出了重大贡献。由于生物烃氧化产生的O-3约占该地区光化学产生的O-3总量的三分之一。对美国东部和中国东部地面臭氧的测量似乎支持中国东部夏季臭氧产量低于美国东部的观点。然而，在中国东部地区，需要额外的地面测量，特别是活性碳氢化合物和臭氧，以改善目前的分析，并确认我们目前的结论。敏感性研究表明，随着HCs人为排放量的增加，中国东部地区地表臭氧浓度显著增加，表明HCs排放量的增加对该地区地表臭氧浓度的增加起着重要作用。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Satellite data (MODIS, GOME, and MOPITT) together with a chemical transport global model of the atmosphere (MOZART-2) are used to characterize air pollution in Eastern China and the Eastern US to assess the differences between the photochemical conditions in these two regions. Observations show that aerosol concentrations (both fine (radius < 0.5 mu m) and coarse modes (radius > 0.5 mu m)) are higher in Eastern China than in the Eastern US. The NOx concentrations in both regions are substantially higher than in remote regions such as over the oceans (150 compared to 5 (10(14)##cm(-2)) over the Pacific Ocean). The CO concentrations are high in both urbanized areas (30 compared to 10 (10(17)#cm(-2)) over the Pacific Ocean). However, the concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources are considerably lower in Eastern China than in the Eastern US. As a result, the rate of photochemical ozone production and ozone concentrations during summer is significantly lower in Eastern China (daily averaged concentrations of 40-50 ppbv in summer) than in the Eastern US (daily averaged values of 60-70 ppbv). The analysis also shows that in Eastern China, the O-3 production is mainly due to the oxidation of carbon monoxide (54% of total O-3 production), while, in the Eastern US, the O-3 production is attributed primarily to the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons (68% of total O-3 production). The results also indicate that biogenic emissions of hydrocarbons contribute substantially to the production of O-3 in the Eastern US. The O-3 production due to the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons represents approximately one third of total O-3 photochemical production in this region. Measurements of surface ozone in the Eastern US and Eastern China seem to support that the summer ozone production is lower in Eastern China than in the Eastern US. However, additional surface measurements, especially of reactive hydrocarbons and ozone are needed in Eastern China in order to improve the present analysis and to confirm our current conclusions. A sensitivity study shows that with increase in anthropogenic emissions of HCs, the surface ozone concentrations significantly increase in Eastern China, indicating that the increase in the emissions of HCs plays an important role for the enhancement in surface ozone in this region. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.