Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician's Role in Promoting Routine Testing
Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician's Role in Promoting Routine Testing
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2011-1761
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Schutze, Gordon E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flynn, Patricia M.;Aldrovandi, Grace M.;Schutze, Gordon E.
儿科医生可以通过促进降低风险咨询和向青少年和年轻成人患者提供常规艾滋病毒检测，在预防和控制艾滋病毒感染方面发挥关键作用。大多数性活跃的年轻人并不觉得自己有感染艾滋病毒的危险，也从未接受过检测。获得性史和创造促进非评判性风险咨询的氛围是青少年拜访的关键组成部分。鉴于感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的人数不断增加以及错过艾滋病毒检测机会的情况，疾病控制和预防中心建议对在卫生保健机构就诊的13至64岁的所有患者进行普遍和常规的艾滋病毒检测。诊断和治疗方面的进步有助于支持这一建议。本政策声明审查了流行病学数据，并建议，当患者人群中艾滋病毒感染率超过0.1%时，应在卫生保健机构中向所有16至18岁的青少年至少提供一次常规筛查。在社区艾滋病毒流行率较低的地区，鼓励对所有性活跃的青少年和具有其他艾滋病毒风险因素的青少年进行例行艾滋病毒检测。这一声明解决了儿科医生在为患者推广常规艾滋病毒检测时面临的许多实际和感知障碍。儿科2011;128:1023 - 1029
Pediatricians can play a key role in preventing and controlling HIV infection by promoting risk-reduction counseling and offering routine HIV testing to adolescent and young adult patients. Most sexually active youth do not feel that they are at risk of contracting HIV and have never been tested. Obtaining a sexual history and creating an atmosphere that promotes nonjudgmental risk counseling is a key component of the adolescent visit. In light of increasing numbers of people with HIV/AIDS and missed opportunities for HIV testing, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends universal and routine HIV testing for all patients seen in health care settings who are 13 to 64 years of age. There are advances in diagnostics and treatment that help support this recommendation. This policy statement reviews the epidemiologic data and recommends that routine screening be offered to all adolescents at least once by 16 to 18 years of age in health care settings when the prevalence of HIV in the patient population is more than 0.1%. In areas of lower community HIV prevalence, routine HIV testing is encouraged for all sexually active adolescents and those with other risk factors for HIV. This statement addresses many of the real and perceived barriers that pediatricians face in promoting routine HIV testing for their patients. Pediatrics 2011;128:1023-1029