Spectral contrast effects are modulated by selective attention in "cocktail party" settings
Spectral contrast effects are modulated by selective attention in "cocktail party" settings
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-019-01824-2
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Reinisch, Eva
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bosker, Hans Rutger;Sjerps, Matthias J.;Reinisch, Eva
语音声音是相对于周围语音的频谱特性来感知的。例如，在/B？t/（具有低F1）和/bet/（具有高F1）在“低F1”句子之后更可能被感知为“bet”，而在“高F1”句子之后被感知为“bit”。然而，目前还不清楚这些频谱对比度效应（SCE）如何在多说话者收听条件下工作。最近，Feng和Oxenham（J.Exp. Psychol. - Hum.Percept.Perform. 44（9），1447-1457，2018 b）报告说，选择性注意在很小程度上影响了SCE，使用由单个说话者产生的两个同时呈现的句子。本研究评估了选择性注意的作用，在更自然的“鸡尾酒会”设置，200词汇独特的句子，20个目标词，和不同的谈话者。结果表明，选择性注意到一个谈话者在一只耳朵（而忽略另一个谈话者在另一只耳朵）调制SCES的方式，只有频谱特性的出席谈话者影响目标的感知。然而，SCE在多说话者设置（实验2）比那些在单说话者设置（实验1）小得多。因此，在更自然的环境中（即，与竞争的谈话者）可能小于基于没有竞争的谈话者的研究所估计的。
Speech sounds are perceived relative to spectral properties of surrounding speech. For instance, target words that are ambiguous between /b?t/ (with low F1) and /bet/ (with high F1) are more likely to be perceived as "bet" after a "low F1" sentence, but as "bit" after a "high F1" sentence. However, it is unclear how these spectral contrast effects (SCEs) operate in multi-talker listening conditions. Recently, Feng and Oxenham (J.Exp.Psychol.-Hum.Percept.Perform. 44(9), 1447-1457,2018b) reported that selective attention affected SCEs to a small degree, using two simultaneously presented sentences produced by a single talker. The present study assessed the role of selective attention in more naturalistic "cocktail party" settings, with 200 lexically unique sentences, 20 target words, and different talkers. Results indicate that selective attention to one talker in one ear (while ignoring another talker in the other ear) modulates SCEs in such a way that only the spectral properties of the attended talker influences target perception. However, SCEs were much smaller in multi-talker settings (Experiment2) than those in single-talker settings (Experiment1). Therefore, the influence of SCEs on speech comprehension in more naturalistic settings (i.e., with competing talkers) may be smaller than estimated based on studies without competing talkers.