Malaria control by residual insecticide spraying in Chingola and Chililabombwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia
Malaria control by residual insecticide spraying in Chingola and Chililabombwe, Copperbelt Province, Zambia
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00928.x
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Kleinschmidt, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharp, B;van Wyk, P;Kleinschmidt, I
疟疾在整个赞比亚流行，是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。1980年以前，北部矿业城镇Chingola和Chililabombwe通过年度残留喷洒方案实现了有效的疟疾控制。在20世纪70年代，发病率为每年20/1000，但到2000年已上升到每年68/1000。Chingola和Chililabombwe的158/1000p.a.a。Konkola铜矿(KCM)启动了一项疟疾控制方案，在这两个城镇和半径10公里范围内的所有住宅都喷洒了二氯二苯基三氯乙烷或合成拟除虫菊酯(捷利康的ICON或安万特的溴氰菊酯)。2000年11月和12月，也就是传播高峰期开始时，对房屋进行了喷洒。两个城镇KCM卫生设施的疟疾发病率在统计上有显著下降，与前两年同期相比，防治发病率比为0.65(95%可信区间0.44，0.97)。在这一减少之前，在降雨量比前两年更高的一年里，在氯喹是一线治疗的地区进行了一轮室内喷洒。这一家庭喷洒方案是私营/公共部门在疟疾控制方面合作的一个例子。
Malaria is endemic in the whole of Zambia and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Prior to 1980, effective malaria control was achieved in the northern mining towns of Chingola and Chililabombwe by means of annual residual spraying programmes. In the 1970s, incidence rates wereaslow as 20/1000 p.a., but by 2000 had increased to 68/1000 p.a. in Chingola and to 158/1000p.a.in Chililabombwe. Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) initiated a malaria control programme in which all dwellings in the two towns and within a 10-km radius were sprayed with either dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or a synthetic pyrethroid (Icon by ZENECA or Deltamethrin by Aventis). Houses were sprayed in November and December 2000, at the start of the peak transmission period. There was a statistically significant reduction in malaria incidence recorded at KCM health facilities in the two towns, representing a protective incidence rate ratio of 0.65 (95% CI 0.44, 0.97) when comparing the post-spraying period with the corresponding period of the previous 2 years. This reduction followed a single round of house spraying during a year with higher rainfall than the preceding two and in an area where chloroquine was first-line treatment. This house-spraying programme is an example of private/public sector collaboration in malaria control.