Marine sediment conservation using benthic organisms
Marine sediment conservation using benthic organisms
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
K. Ito;Mana Ito;Takeshi Hano;T. Onduka;K. Mochida;Nobuaki Shono;Ryuhei Nakamura
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作者：
K. Ito;Mana Ito;Takeshi Hano;T. Onduka;K. Mochida;Nobuaki Shono;Ryuhei Nakamura
用于水产养殖的河口和沿海地区经常受到有机污染物和人为化学物质的污染。生物修复是一种有效的环境污染物净化技术。因此，作者研究了利用底栖生物进行环境修复，并表明一些环节动物能够适应污染的环境。例如，居住在养鱼场下面的沉积物中的多毛类小头藻（Capitella cf. teleta）显示出较高的蛋白酶活性，而居住在河口的多毛类Perinereis nuntia则显示出较高的纤维素酶活性。此外，还发现少毛藻（Thalassodrilides）能在被各种污染物污染的高度缺氧和硫化物沉积物中存活，并能将1-硝基萘（一种有毒致癌化学物质）生物转化为对鱼类无毒的物质。在另一项将这三种底栖生物维持在污染沉积物中的实验中，与少毛藻相比，多毛藻P. nuntia和C. cf. teleta显著提高了氧化还原电位（Eh），降低了酸性挥发性硫化物的水平。此外，三种物种沉积物中多环芳烃（PAHs）浓度均显著低于初始水平。特别是T . c . briani对沉积物中的多环芳烃表现出明显的降解能力。这些结果表明底栖生物在有机污染沉积物中具有物种特异性的修复特性和生态功能。我们也正在开发一种实时测量装置，用于测定渔场下沉积物中的Eh，因为Eh是监测这些沉积物污染程度的综合参数。
Estuaries and coastal zones used for fish aquaculture are often polluted by organic contaminants and anthropogenic chemicals. Bioremediation has been recognized as an efficient technology to clear environmental pollutants. The authors therefore studied environmental remediation using benthic organisms and have shown that some annelids are adaptable to polluted environments. For example, Capitella cf. teleta, a polychaete inhabiting the sediment beneath a fish farm, displayed high protease activity, whereas Perinereis nuntia, a polychaete inhabiting an estuary, displayed high cellulase activity. Additionally, the oligochaete Thalassodrilides cf. briani was found to survive highly hypoxic and sulfidic sediments contaminated with various pollutants and was shown to biotransform 1-nitronaphthalene, a toxic and carcinogenic chemical, into substances that are nontoxic to fish. In another experiment in which these three benthic species were maintained in polluted sediments, the polychaetes P. nuntia and C. cf. teleta markedly increased redox potential (Eh) and decreased the level of acid volatile sulfides relative to the oligochaete T cf. briani. Furthermore, the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment with all three species was significantly lower than the initial level. T cf. briani, especially, showed a marked ability to degrade the PAHs in the sediment. These results indicate that benthic organisms have species-specific remediation properties and ecological functions in organically polluted sediments. We are also working on the development of a real-time measuring device for determining the Eh in the sediment under fish farms as Eh is a comprehensive parameter to monitor the degree of contamination of these sediments.