Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see
Chimpanzees know what conspecifics do and do not see
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DOI：
10.1006/anbe.1999.1377
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hare, B;Call, J;Tomasello, M
我们报告了一系列关于黑猩猩解决社会问题的实验。在每个实验中，一个从属个体和一个支配个体被置于两块食物的竞争中。在所有的实验中，支配者获得了几乎所有的食物，他们有很好的视觉和物理访问。然而，在三种情况下，下属往往是成功的，在这三种情况下，他们比主导者更容易看到食物，例如，当食物被放置在只有下属（而不是主导者）可以看到的位置时。下属可能直接监视着主人的行为，只是避开主人走向的食物（这只是碰巧是它能看到的）。然而，在其他情况下，我们排除了这种可能性，让下属领先一点，并迫使他们在优势种群被释放到该区域之前做出选择（去两个竞争对手都能看到的食物，或者只有他们能看到的食物）。连同其他最近的研究，目前的调查表明，黑猩猩知道什么同种可以和不能看到，而且，此外，他们使用这些知识来设计有效的社会认知策略，在自然发生的食物竞争的情况下。(C)2000年，动物行为研究协会。
We report a series of experiments on social problem solving in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. In each experiment a subordinate and a dominant individual were put into competition over two pieces of food. In all experiments dominants obtained virtually all of the foods to which they had good visual and physical access. However, subordinates were successful quite often in three situations in which they had better visual access to the food than the dominant, for example, when the food was positioned so that only the subordinate land not the dominant) could see it. In some cases, the subordinate might have been monitoring the behaviour of the dominant directly and simply avoided the food that the dominant was moving towards (which just happened to be the one it could see). In other cases, however, we ruled out this possibility by giving subordinates a small headstart and forcing them to make their choice (to go to the food that both competitors could see, or the food that only they could see) before the dominant was released into the area. Together with other recent studies, the present investigation suggests that chimpanzees know what conspecifics can and cannot see, and, furthermore, that they use this knowledge to devise effective social-cognitive strategies in naturally occurring food competition situations. (C) 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.