Differences among species in seed dispersal and conspecific neighbor effects can interact to influence coexistence
Differences among species in seed dispersal and conspecific neighbor effects can interact to influence coexistence
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物种间种子传播的差异和同种邻居效应可以相互作用，影响共存
DOI：
10.1007/s12080-020-00468-5
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Comita, Liza S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stump, Simon Maccracken;Comita, Liza S.
种子传播是躲避天敌的关键机制。尽管如此，同一群落中植物物种之间的平均扩散距离可以变化一个数量级。在这里，我们建立了一个理论模型来探讨种子传播的种间差异如何改变专业天敌的影响，既包括它们自己的影响，也包括种子传播和天敌易感性之间的权衡。我们的模型表明，如果物种具有高度的传播能力，那么它们就更有可能从稀有状态中恢复过来，因为(1)幼苗更有可能逃离它们父母的天敌，(2)成虫更分散，减少了种子在同种植物附近传播的机会，(3)幼苗与近亲争夺开放间隙的机会更少。扩散的差异不会产生稳定机制——低扩散的物种纯粹处于劣势，不会获得新的生态位机会。然而，分散与易感性的权衡将趋于平衡，因为低分散的物种将受益于不太容易受到特殊天敌的影响。这种机制与大多数分散介导共存的机制不同，它不需要有大量的空白空间：高分散者通过逃离敌人而获得优势，而不是通过殖民空旷的栖息地。因此，我们的研究表明，分散的差异本身不太可能促进多样性，但可能会加强其他共存机制。
Seed dispersal is a critical mechanism for escaping specialist natural enemies. Despite this, mean dispersal distances can vary by an order of magnitude among plant species in the same community. Here, we develop a theoretical model to explore how interspecific differences in seed dispersal alter the impact of specialist natural enemies, both on their own and though a trade-off between seed dispersal and enemy susceptibility. Our model suggests that species are more able to recover from rarity if they have high dispersal because (1) seedlings are more likely to escape their parent’s natural enemies, (2) adults are more spread out, reducing the chance that a seed will disperse near conspecifics, and (3) seedlings compete less with kin for open gaps. Differences in dispersal do not produce stabilizing mechanisms—species with low dispersal are purely at a disadvantage and do not gain a novel niche opportunity. However, dispersal-susceptibility trade-offs will be equalizing, as species disadvantaged by low dispersal will benefit from being less susceptible to specialist natural enemies. This mechanism, unlike most mechanisms of dispersal-mediated coexistence, does not require that there is an abundance of empty space: high-dispersers gain an advantage by escaping from their enemies, not by colonizing empty habitat. Our study therefore suggests that differences in dispersal are unlikely to promote diversity on their own, but may strengthen other coexistence mechanisms.
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