Addressing the contribution of indirect potable reuse to inland freshwater salinization
Addressing the contribution of indirect potable reuse to inland freshwater salinization
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DOI：
10.1038/s41893-021-00713-7
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发表时间：
2021-04-19
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
Schenk, Todd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhide, Shantanu V.;Grant, Stanley B.;Schenk, Todd
全球内陆淡水盐度正在上升，这一现象被称为淡水盐碱化综合症(FSS)。我们调查了FSS管理和间接饮用水再利用之间的潜在冲突，即通过向地表水和地下水中添加经过高度处理的废水(再生水)来增加供水的做法。从25年来收集的时间序列数据中，我们量化了三个盐度来源--一个水回收设施和两个快速城市化的分水岭--对美国大西洋中部一个具有区域重要性的饮用水水库中钠(与FSS相关的主要离子)浓度上升的贡献。进入水库的钠质量负荷主要来自潮湿天气的分水岭径流和干旱天气的再生水。在评估的所有时间尺度上，再生水中的钠浓度高于两个分水岭流出的钠浓度。再生水中的钠来自废水处理、工业和商业排放、人类排泄物和饮用水和富含钠家居产品的下排水处理过程中添加的化学物质。因此，存在许多机会来减少间接饮用水再利用对本场地和更广泛的FSS的钠污染的贡献。这些努力将需要与分水岭利益相关者的不同社区进行深思熟虑的接触，并仔细考虑当地的政治、社会和环境背景。淡水盐碱化综合症是全球淡水的一个新威胁。在这里，作者量化了间接饮用水再利用对钠污染的贡献，并建议采取各种行为和技术干预措施来解决这一日益严重的环境问题。
Inland freshwater salinity is rising worldwide, a phenomenon called the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). We investigate a potential conflict between managing the FSS and indirect potable reuse, the practice of augmenting water supplies through the addition of highly treated wastewater (reclaimed water) to surface waters and groundwaters. From time-series data collected over 25 years, we quantify the contributions of three salinity sources-a water reclamation facility and two rapidly urbanizing watersheds-to the rising concentration of sodium (a major ion associated with the FSS) in a regionally important drinking-water reservoir in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Sodium mass loading to the reservoir is primarily from watershed runoff during wet weather and reclaimed water during dry weather. Across all timescales evaluated, sodium concentration in the reclaimed water is higher than in outflow from the two watersheds. Sodium in reclaimed water originates from chemicals added during wastewater treatment, industrial and commercial discharges, human excretion and down-drain disposal of drinking water and sodium-rich household products. Thus, numerous opportunities exist to reduce the contribution of indirect potable reuse to sodium pollution at this site, and the FSS more generally. These efforts will require deliberative engagement with a diverse community of watershed stakeholders and careful consideration of the local political, social and environmental context.Freshwater salinization syndrome is an emerging threat to freshwater globally. Here the authors quantify the contribution of indirect potable reuse to sodium pollution and suggest a variety of behavioural and technological interventions to address this growing environmental problem.