Citizens, science and bird conservation
Citizens, science and bird conservation
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DOI：
10.1007/s10336-007-0239-9
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Greenwood, Jeremy J. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Greenwood, Jeremy J. D.
业余爱好者网络的合作研究在鸟类学和保护科学中发挥了重要作用，并将继续这样做。它在确定迁徙事实、系统地记录分布、深入了解栖息地要求以及记录数量、生产力和存活率的变化，从而能够进行详细的人口统计分析方面发挥了重要作用。这些数据的提供使养护工作得以集中于优先物种、栖息地和地点，并使旨在为健全养护管理和循证政府政策提供必要了解的改进监测和研究方案得以实施。这类工作的成功取决于科学是否独立于那些倡导特定政策的人，以确保科学是公正的。湿地鸟类在世界上许多地方都有调查。大多数国家也有振铃计划。其他形式的合作鸟类学在北美、澳大利亚和澳大拉西亚很活跃，在亚洲分布得更零散(但在一些国家增长强劲)，在非洲和南美洲甚至分布得更零散。这类工作最成功的地方是业余爱好者和专业人士之间有强有力的伙伴关系，基于他们的互补作用。大量志愿人员的参与不仅使原本不可能完成的工作得以完成，而且还有助于民主参与社会所作的决定，并建立社会资本。在研究网络中招募和留住人员是重要的技能。调查的组织方式必须考虑到参与者的动机。评估潜在参与者的技能，并提供培训，而不是拒绝那些被认为没有足够技能的人，是有用的。需要特别注意确保说明清楚，方法标准化，并以易于处理的形式收集数据。确保长期项目的连续性是至关重要的。在每个国家，只有一个组织管理大部分工作是有好处的。各种各样的组织是可能的：由(业余)成员管理的协会，但雇用专业人员来组织工作似乎是一个特别成功的模式。独立于政府和保护组织是可取的。
Collaborative research by networks of amateurs has had a major role in ornithology and conservation science and will continue to do so. It has been important in establishing the facts of migration, systematically recording distribution, providing insights into habitat requirements and recording variation in numbers, productivity and survival, thus allowing detailed demographic analyses. The availability of these data has allowed conservation work to be focussed on priority species, habitats and sites and enabled refined monitoring and research programmes aimed at providing the understanding necessary for sound conservation management and for evidence-based government policy. The success of such work depends on the independence of the science from those advocating particular policies in order to ensure that the science is unbiased. Wetland birds are surveyed in much of the world. Most countries also have a ringing scheme. Other forms of collaborative ornithology are strong in North America, Australia and Australasia, more patchily distributed in Asia (but with strong growth in some countries) and even patchier in Africa and South America. Such work is most successful where there is a strong partnership between the amateurs and the professional, based on their complementary roles. The participation of large numbers of volunteers not only enables work to be done that would otherwise be impossible but also facilitates democratic participation in the decisions made by society and builds social capital. The recruitment to and subsequent retention of people in the research networks are important skills. Surveys must be organized in ways that take into account the motives of the participants. It is useful to assess the skills of potential participants and, rather than rejecting those thought not to have adequate skills, to provide training. Special attention needs to be paid to ensuring that instructions are clear, that methods are standardized and that data are gathered in a form that is easily processed. Providing for the continuity of long-term projects is essential. There are advantages to having just one organization running most of the work in each country. Various sorts of organizations are possible: societies governed by their (amateur) members but employing professional staff to organize the work seem to be a particularly successful model. Independence from government and from conservation organizations is desirable.