SEED DISPERSAL BY ANTS - BEHAVIOR-RELEASING COMPOUNDS IN ELAIOSOMES
SEED DISPERSAL BY ANTS - BEHAVIOR-RELEASING COMPOUNDS IN ELAIOSOMES
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00380071
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
RAE, ID
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BREW, CR;ODOWD, DJ;RAE, ID
在一项蚂蚁传播种子的生化基础研究中，金合欢（Acacia myrtifolia）和四蕨（Tetratheca stenocarpa）的溶出体诱导了种子收集：完整的溶出体和溶出体被蚂蚁迅速吸收，而大部分种子仍留在森林地面上。蚁体的提取物（非极性脂质、极性脂质和水相）被不同地收集。两种物种的小块外植体的极性脂质浸渍后，蚂蚁的去除率与完整的外植体相当，明显高于未处理的外植体。非极性脂质部分，在两个物种的松体中浓度最高，引起的去除与未处理的髓没有区别。然而，在T. stenocarpa中，水馏分也诱导了与极性脂质馏分相当的去除。具有不饱和基团的1,2-二甘油酯存在于两种植物的活性极性组分中，不饱和油酸酯是油酸体中甘油酯的主要酸基。测试中，大多数含油酸的化合物被蚂蚁吸收的速度比饱和化合物快，而油酸与蚂蚁携带尸体有关，导致蚂蚁快速清除油酸。1,2-二烯烃，而不是1,3-二烯烃，表明脂肪酸部分的特定构型影响蚂蚁的收集。我们假设，在传代小体中有一小套含油酸的化合物引起了各种蚂蚁的刻板携带反应。虽然溶出体的营养成分可能为蚂蚁的种子传播提供了潜在的选择优势，但特定的化合物可能会操纵它们的行为并最大化种子传播。
In a study of the biochemical basis of seed dispersal by ants, elaiosomes of Acacia myrtifolia and Tetratheca stenocarpa induced seed collection:intact diaspores and eliasomes were taken rapidly by ants while most seeds remained on the forest floor. Extracts of elaiosomes (non-polar lipids, polar lipids, and aqueous fractions) were differentially collected by ants. Small pieces of pith impregnated with the polar lipid fraction from elaiosomes of either species elicited a removal rate by ants equivalent to that of intact elaiosomes and significantly higher than that of untreated pith. The non-polar lipid fraction, highest in concentration in elaiosomes of both species, elicited removal that did not differ from that of untreated pith. In T. stenocarpa, however, the aqueous fraction also induced removal equivalent to the polar lipid fraction. 1,2-Diglycerides with unsaturated groups are present in the active polar fractions of both species and unsaturated oleate is the major acid group of the glycerides in elaiosomes. Most oleate-containing compounds tested were taken more rapidly by ants than saturated compounds, and oleic acid, associated with corpse-carrying in ants, induced rapid removal. 1,2-Diolein, but not 1,3-diolein, was taken suggesting that the specific configuration of fatty acid moieties influences collection by ants. We hypothesize that a small suite of oleyl-containing compound in elaiosomes elicit a stereotyped carrying response by a variety of ants. While the nutrient composition of elaiosomes may provide the underlying selective advantage for ants in seed dispersal, specific compounds may manipulate their behaviour and maximize seed dispersal.