The Prevalence and Trends of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Impairments in the United States from 2008-2018.
The Prevalence and Trends of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Impairments in the United States from 2008-2018.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3233/adr-220107
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
McGrath, Ryan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knoll, Kelly;Rhee, Yeong;Hamm, Jeremy M;Hammer, Kimberly D P;Heimbuch, Halli;Holloway, Jeremy;Jurivich, Donald;Lahr, Peyton;McGrath, Brenda;Parker, Kelly;Robinson-Lane, Sheria;Stover, Emily;Tomkinson, Grant R;McGrath, Ryan
工具性日常生活活动（IADL）是神经心理学驱动的任务，与认知功能障碍有关。检查基于人群的 IADL 缺陷可能会揭示美国是否存在这些缺陷。这项调查旨在评估美国人 IADL 损伤的患病率和趋势。对 2006 年至 2018 年健康与退休研究的数据进行了二次分析。总体未加权分析样本包括 29,764 名年龄≥50 岁的美国人。受访者表示他们有能力执行六项 IADL：管理金钱、管理药物、使用电话、准备热饭菜、购买杂货和使用地图。报告有困难或无法完成个人 IADL 的人被视为具有特定任务障碍。同样，那些表现出困难或无法执行任何 IADL 的人被归类为有 IADL 损伤。利用样本权重来生成具有全国代表性的估计值。无论波次如何，在使用地图方面存在障碍（2018 波：15.7%（95% 置信区间 (CI)：15.0–16.4））在个人 IADL 中的患病率最高。在研究期间（p < 0.001），IADL 障碍的总体患病率下降到 2018 波的 25.4%（CI：24.5–26.2）。与中年美国人和男性相比，美国人和女性的 IADL 障碍患病率也最高。随着时间的推移，IADL 障碍的持续监测可能有助于为认知筛查、识别存在障碍的亚群提供信息并指导相关政策。
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are neuropsychological-driven tasks that are linked to cognitive dysfunction. Examining population-based IADL deficits may reveal insights for the presence of these impairments in the United States. This investigation sought to evaluate the prevalence and trends of IADL impairments in Americans. A secondary analysis of data from the 2006–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study was conducted. The overall unweighted analytic sample included 29,764 Americans aged≥50 years. Respondents indicated their ability to perform six IADLs: manage money, manage medications, use a telephone, prepare hot meals, shop for groceries, and use a map. Persons reporting difficulty or an inability to complete an individual IADL were considered as having a task-specific impairment. Similarly, those indicating difficulty or an inability to perform any IADL were classified as having an IADL impairment. Sample weights were utilized to generate nationally-representative estimates. Having an impairment in using a map (2018 wave: 15.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.0–16.4) had the highest prevalence in individual IADLs regardless of wave examined. The overall prevalence of IADL impairments declined during the study period (p < 0.001) to 25.4% (CI: 24.5–26.2) in the 2018 wave. Older Americans and women had a consistently higher prevalence of IADL impairments compared to middle-aged Americans and men, respectively. The prevalence of IADL impairments was also highest among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks. IADL impairments have declined over time. Continued surveillance of IADLs may help inform cognitive screening, identify subpopulations at risk of impairment, and guide relevant policy.