Chemical analysis of single mammalian cells with microfluidics. Strategies for culturing, sorting, trapping, and lysing cells and separating their contents on chips.
Chemical analysis of single mammalian cells with microfluidics. Strategies for culturing, sorting, trapping, and lysing cells and separating their contents on chips.
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DOI：
10.1021/ac071891x
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Culbertson, Christopher T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Price, Alexander K;Culbertson, Christopher T
细胞是生命的基本构件。多细胞生物体的所有基本生理功能最终都在细胞内完成。细胞生理的失调导致了生物体水平的疾病。因此，了解细胞生理学是了解和治疗疾病的关键。许多生理过程可以用细胞群体来研究。其他的则发生在短时间尺度上(例如，激酶信号级联)或不同步(例如，对外部化学梯度的反应)，因此取总体平均值将不会导致对细胞化学如何发生的理解。这些类型的过程需要单细胞分析，因此在决定在哪种情况下批量分析与单细胞分析更合适时，必须酌情决定(1)。此外，许多疾病，如癌症，都是从单个细胞开始的；因此，如果想要发现预示着疾病开始的细胞群体中的罕见突变，那么必须单独检查细胞。然而，在单个细胞水平上探索行为是一项非常具有挑战性的任务，主要是因为样本体积小，材料丰度低，以及细胞本身的脆弱性质。分析单个电池的内容需要敏感的检测技术和处理程序，而不会对其施加压力或损坏。此外，没有合适的空白可供使用，因此很难进行真正的定量研究。然而，对单细胞生理学的浓厚兴趣正在推动分析和生物医学工程领域改进细胞检测技术。最受欢迎和最有前途的领域之一是用于操纵和分析单细胞的芯片实验室设备。
Cells are the fundamental building blocks of life. All basic physiological functions of multicellular organisms re-side ultimately in the cell. The misregulation of cellular physiology results in disease at the organism level. Thus, comprehending cell physiology is key to under-standing and curing diseases. Many physiological processes can be studied using populations of cells. Others occur either on short timescales (eg, kinase signaling cascades) or nonsynchronously (eg, response to an external chemical gradient), so that taking a population average will not lead to an understanding of how the cellular chemistry occurs. These types of processes require single-cell analysis, and thus discretion must be exercised when deciding under which circumstances bulk versus singlecell analyses are more appropriate (1). In addition, many diseases like cancer start with a single cell; therefore, if one would like to find the rare mutations in populations of cells that herald the inception of a disease, then cells must be examined individually.Probing behavior at the single-cell level, however, is a very challenging task, primarily because of the small sample volume, the low abundance of material, and the fragile nature of the cell itself. Analyzing the contents of a single cell requires sensitive detection techniques and handling procedures that do not stress or damage it. Additionally, no proper blank exists that can be used, so truly quantitative studies are difficult. Intense interest in single-cell physiology, however, is driving the analytical and biomedical engineering fields to improve the technology for examining cells. One of the most popular and promising areas is lab-on-a-chip devices to manipulate and analyze single cells.