Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata
Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y
复制
发表时间：
2014-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Loya, Yossi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Downs, C. A.;Kramarsky-Winter, Esti;Loya, Yossi
二苯甲酮-2（BP-2）是个人护理产品和商业解决方案的添加剂，可防止紫外线的破坏性影响。BP-2是一种“新出现的令人关注的污染物”，通常作为污染物通过市政和船舶废水排放和垃圾填埋场沥滤物以及通过住宅化粪池和未管理的污水坑释放。虽然BP-2可能是珊瑚礁的污染物，但其对珊瑚礁的环境毒性尚不清楚。由于BP-2是一种已知的内分泌干扰物，也是一种弱遗传毒性物质，因此这构成了一个潜在的管理问题。我们研究了BP-2对珊瑚Stylophora pistillata的幼虫形态（浮游）的影响，以及其对体外珊瑚细胞的毒性。BP-2是一种光毒性物质;在光照下与黑暗中相比，不良反应会加剧。无论是在黑暗或光照下，BP-2诱导珊瑚浮板从一个能动的无柄状态转化为一个变形的，固着的条件。Planulae表现出增加珊瑚漂白的速度，以响应BP-2浓度的增加。BP-2是一种遗传毒性的珊瑚，表现出强烈的正相关关系DNA-AP病变和增加BP-2浓度。BP-2暴露在光诱导广泛的表皮和胃真皮坏死。相反，BP-2暴露在黑暗中诱导自噬和自噬性细胞死亡。BP-2在光照下暴露8小时和24小时的LC 50分别为120和165 ppb。BP-2在黑暗中相同时间点的LC（50）为144和548 ppb。畸形EC 20水平（24小时）在光照下为万亿分之246，在黑暗中为9.6 ppb。
Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) is an additive to personal-care products and commercial solutions that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. BP-2 is an "emerging contaminant of concern" that is often released as a pollutant through municipal and boat/ship wastewater discharges and landfill leachates, as well as through residential septic fields and unmanaged cesspits. Although BP-2 may be a contaminant on coral reefs, its environmental toxicity to reefs is unknown. This poses a potential management issue, since BP-2 is a known endocrine disruptor as well as a weak genotoxicant. We examined the effects of BP-2 on the larval form (planula) of the coral, Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity to in vitro coral cells. BP-2 is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light versus in darkness. Whether in darkness or light, BP-2 induced coral planulae to transform from a motile planktonic state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of BP-2. BP-2 is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a strong positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing BP-2 concentrations. BP-2 exposure in the light induced extensive necrosis in both the epidermis and gastrodermis. In contrast, BP-2 exposure in darkness induced autophagy and autophagic cell death. The LC50 of BP-2 in the light for an 8 and 24 h exposure was 120 and 165 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The LC(50)s for BP-2 in darkness for the same time points were 144 and 548 ppb. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) were 246 parts per trillion in the light and 9.6 ppb in darkness.