Individual Differences and Age-Related Changes in Divergent Thinking in Toddlers and Preschoolers
Individual Differences and Age-Related Changes in Divergent Thinking in Toddlers and Preschoolers
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036131
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hoicka, Elena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bijvoet-van den Berg, Simone;Hoicka, Elena
发散性思维显示了寻找新想法的能力，这是促进创新和解决问题的重要因素。目前的发散性思维测试允许研究人员从3岁开始研究儿童的发散性思维。这篇文章提出了发散思维的第一个测量方法，可以用在2岁的孩子身上。不寻常盒子测试是一种非语言和非模仿测试，孩子们单独玩一个新奇的玩具和新奇的物体。发散性思维的得分是不同行为的数量。研究1表明，不寻常盒子测试是一种有效的测量发散思维的方法，因为它与3岁和4岁儿童发散思维的标准测量相关联。研究2表明，该测试可以用于2岁儿童，因为它具有高的测试-重测信度，表明2岁儿童具有发散性思维。在这两项研究中，都发现了个体差异和年龄相关的变化，这表明一些孩子比其他孩子更擅长发散性思维，而且孩子的发散性思维随着年龄的增长而增强。这个测试将使研究人员能够深入了解发散性思维的早期出现。
Divergent thinking shows the ability to search for new ideas, which is an important factor contributing to innovation and problem solving. Current divergent thinking tests allow researchers to study children's divergent thinking from the age of 3 years on. This article presents the first measure of divergent thinking that can be used with children as young as 2 years. The Unusual Box test is a nonverbal and nonimitative test in which children play individually with a novel toy and novel objects. Divergent thinking is scored as the number of different actions performed. Study 1 shows that the Unusual Box test is a valid measure of divergent thinking as it correlates with standard measures of divergent thinking in 3- and 4-year-olds. Study 2 indicates that the test can be used with 2-year-olds, as it shows high test-retest reliability, demonstrating that 2-year-olds can think divergently. Across both studies, individual differences and age-related changes were found, indicating that some children are better at divergent thinking than others and that children's divergent thinking increases with age. This test will allow researchers to gain insight into the early emergence of divergent thinking.