AN EPIZOOTIC OF FLORIDA MANATEES ASSOCIATED WITH A DINOFLAGELLATE BLOOM
AN EPIZOOTIC OF FLORIDA MANATEES ASSOCIATED WITH A DINOFLAGELLATE BLOOM
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.x
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发表时间：
1991-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
ODELL, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OSHEA, TJ;RATHBUN, GB;ODELL, DK
在1982年初的10周时间里，39只佛罗里达海牛（Trichechus manatus latirostris）被发现死在Caloosahatchee河下游和佛罗里达西南部附近水域。 两人被船撞死。 其余的人没有外伤的迹象。 未发现指示感染因子的病变，细菌学和污染物残留结果不显著。 脑组织中发现了非特异性充血和出血病变。 还收到许多关于海牛发病的报告。 一些痛苦的海牛在血液样本的临床分析中没有表现出生化损伤，并且很快恢复。 海牛患病的时间与鱼类和双冠鸬鹚（Phalacrocorax auritus）的死亡率和发病率一致。 甲藻赤潮生物（短裸甲藻）的广泛爆发也与这些事件同时发生。 G.短杆菌产生强效神经毒素（短杆菌毒素）。 间接证据将这些事件联系起来，可能的接触途径可能包括摄入滤食性海鞘。 生态条件放大了动物流行病的程度，包括海牛从附近的冬季聚集地早期分散到该地区，以及异常高的盐度，促进了赤潮的近岸传播。 管理层对未来海牛区赤潮事件的反应提出了建议。
Over a 10-wk period in early 1982, 39 Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) were found dead in the lower Caloosahatchee River and nearby waters of southwestern Florida. Two were killed by boats. The remainder showed no evidence of trauma. Lesions indicative of infectious agents were not identified, and bacteriological and contaminant residue findings were unremarkable. Non-specific lesions of congestion and hemorrhage were identified in brain tissue. Numerous reports were also received of manatee morbidity. Some distressed manatees showed no biochemical lesions in clinical analyses of blood samples and recovered quickly. Timing of manatee illness coincided with fish and double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) mortality and morbidity. A widespread bloom of the dinoflagellate red tide organism (Gymnodinium breve) also coincided with these incidents. G. breve produces potent neurotoxins (breve-toxins). Circumstantial evidence links these events, and possible routes of exposure may include ingestion of filter-feeding ascidians. Ecological conditions that magnified the extent of the epizootic included an early dispersal of manatees into the area from a nearby winter aggregation site and unusually high salinities that facilitated the inshore spread of the red tide bloom. Management responses to future episodes of red tide in manatee areas are suggested.