Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome.
Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome.
复制标题
膳食乳化剂影响小鼠肠道微生物群，促进结肠炎和代谢综合征。
DOI：
10.1038/nature14232
复制
发表时间：
2015-03-05
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Gewirtz AT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chassaing B;Koren O;Goodrich JK;Poole AC;Srinivasan S;Ley RE;Gewirtz AT
肠道中居住着大量多样的微生物群落，统称为肠道微生物群。虽然肠道微生物群为其宿主提供了重要的益处，特别是在代谢和免疫发育方面，但微生物群-宿主关系的紊乱与许多慢性炎症性疾病相关，包括炎症性肠病（IBD）和统称为代谢综合征的肥胖相关疾病。保护肠道免受其微生物群影响的主要手段是通过覆盖肠道表面的多层粘液结构，从而使绝大多数肠道细菌与衬在肠道上的上皮细胞保持安全距离。因此，破坏粘液-细菌相互作用的药物可能有可能促进与肠道炎症相关的疾病。因此，有人假设乳化剂、洗涤剂样分子是加工食品中普遍存在的成分，可以增加体外上皮细胞的细菌移位，可能促进了世纪中期后IBD的增加。在本文中，我们观察到，在小鼠中，相对低浓度的两种常用乳化剂，即羧甲基纤维素和聚山梨酯-80，在WT宿主中诱导低度炎症和肥胖/代谢综合征，并在易患该疾病的小鼠中促进强烈的结肠炎。乳化剂诱导的代谢综合征与微生物群侵入、物种组成改变和促炎潜力增加有关。无菌小鼠和粪便移植的使用表明，微生物群的这种变化对于轻度炎症和代谢综合征都是必要和充分的。这些结果支持了一个新的概念，即干扰宿主-微生物群相互作用导致低度炎症可以促进肥胖及其相关的代谢效应。此外，他们认为乳化剂的广泛使用可能导致肥胖/代谢综合征和其他慢性炎症性疾病的社会发病率增加。
The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as gut microbiota. While gut microbiota provide important benefits to its host, especially in metabolism and immune development, disturbance of the microbiota-host relationship is associated with numerous chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the group of obesity-associated diseases collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. A primary means by which the intestine is protected from its microbiota is via multilayered mucus structures that cover the intestinal surface thus allowing the vast majority of gut bacteria to be kept at a safe distance from epithelial cells that line the intestine . Thus, agents that disrupt mucus-bacterial interactions might have the potential to promote diseases associated with gut inflammation. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that emulsifiers, detergent-like molecules that are a ubiquitous component of processed foods and that can increase bacterial translocation across epithelia in vitro , might be promoting the post-mid 20th century increase in IBD . Herein, we observed that, in mice, relatively low concentrations of two commonly used emulsifiers, namely carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80, induced low-grade inflammation and obesity/metabolic syndrome in WT hosts and promoted robust colitis in mice predisposed to this disorder. Emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition, and increased pro-inflammatory potential. Use of germ-free mice and fecal transplants indicated that such changes in microbiota were necessary and sufficient for both low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome. These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects. Moreover, they suggest that broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases.