Impaired Error Monitoring and Correction Function in Autism.
Impaired Error Monitoring and Correction Function in Autism.
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DOI：
10.1080/10874201003771561
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Casanova MF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sokhadze E;Baruth J;El-Baz A;Horrell T;Sokhadze G;Carroll T;Tasman A;Sears L;Casanova MF
错误监控和纠正是执行功能之一，对有效的目标导向行为非常重要。执行功能缺陷，包括错误监控能力降低，是自闭症等神经发育障碍的典型特征之一，可能与持续反应，刻板重复行为以及无法准确监控正在进行的行为有关。我们以前的研究行为和事件相关电位（ERP）的措施，在执行视觉古怪的任务在高功能自闭症（HFA）儿童的表现表明，尽管只有轻微的差异，反应时间HFA儿童犯下显着更多的错误。本研究采用反应锁定事件相关电位--额中央部位记录的错误相关负性（ERN）和错误相关正性（Pe），对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的错误监控进行了研究。ERN反映了早期错误检测过程，而Pe与后来的有意识错误评估和注意力重新分配有关。测量了正确试验中的反应时间（RT）和错误后反应时间的减慢。在这项研究中，14名ASD受试者和14名年龄和智商匹配的对照者接受了一项带有新型干扰物的三类视觉古怪任务。ASD组ERN波幅较低，潜伏期较长，但均位于前扣带皮层（ACC）的尾部。在ASD组，Pe分量显著延长，但与对照组相比，振幅差异未达到显著性。我们发现对照组中RT的显着错误后减慢，ASD组中RT的错误后加速。孤独症患者ERN的降低和Pe的改变沿着错误后反应时间的减慢，可能被解释为对反应错误的检测和监测不敏感，以及执行纠正措施的能力降低。这可能导致错误意识降低，在处理可能发生错误反应的情况时无法进行调整。这种缺陷可能表现在ASD患者经常看到的持续行为中。结果进行了讨论，在自我监控和其他执行功能的基础上的行为和社会障碍，在ASD的一般损害。
Error monitoring and correction is one of the executive functions and is important for effective goal directed behavior. Deficient executive functioning, including reduced error monitoring ability, is one of the typical features of such neurodevelopmental disorders as autism, probably related to perseverative responding, stereotyped repetitive behaviors, and an inability to accurately monitor ongoing behavior. Our prior studies of behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures during performance on visual oddball tasks in high-functioning autistic (HFA) children showed that despite only minor differences in reaction times HFA children committed significantly more errors. This study investigated error monitoring in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with response-locked event-related potentials - the Error-related Negativity (ERN) and Error-related Positivity (Pe) recorded at fronto-central sites. The ERN reflects early error detection processes, while the Pe has been associated with later conscious error evaluation and attention re-allocation. Reaction times (RT) in correct trials and post-error slowing in reaction times were measured. In this study fourteen subjects with ASD and 14 age- and IQ- matched controls received a three-category visual oddball task with novel distracters. ERN had a lower amplitude and longer latency in the ASD group but was localized in the caudal part of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in both groups. The Pe component was significantly prolonged in the ASD group but did not reach significance in amplitude differences compared to controls. We found significant post-error slowing in RTs in controls, and post-error acceleration in RTs in the ASD group. The reduced ERN and altered Pe along with a lack of post-error RT slowing in autism might be interpreted as insensitivity in the detection and monitoring of response errors and a reduced ability of execute corrective actions. This might result in reduced error awareness and failure in adjustment when dealing with situations where erroneous responses may occur. This deficit might be manifested in the perseverative behaviors often seen in individuals with ASD. The results are discussed in terms of a general impairment in self-monitoring and other executive functions underlying behavioral and social disturbances in ASD.