The influence of distinctive processing on retrieval-induced forgetting
The influence of distinctive processing on retrieval-induced forgetting
复制标题
独特加工对检索诱发遗忘的影响
作者：
Rebekah E. Smith;R. Hunt
回忆以前经历过的列表的一部分有利于随后回忆列表的这一部分，但会导致对同一集合中未练习项目的回忆较差（安德森，比约克和比约克，1994）。对这种提取诱发的遗忘的一种解释是，在练习一组内容的一部分时，未练习的项目会竞争回忆，并被抑制;这种抑制过程会抑制后来对未练习项目的回忆。本研究通过两个实验考察了原始集合的区别性加工与提取性遗忘之间的关系，并假设区别性加工降低了反应竞争。在第一个实验中，差异性判断所导致的独特性加工相对于标准编码任务和相似性判断任务确实减少了遗忘。事实上，差异判断任务完全消除了提取引起的遗忘。在第二个实验中，分析了相似性判断任务与假设促进联想整合的任务的关系（安德森和麦卡洛克，1999）。尽管相似性判断满足了联想整合的要求，但相似性判断后检索诱导的遗忘仍然存在。研究结果与组织背景下的独特加工有利于记忆的观点一致（Hunt & McDaniel，1993; Smith & Hunt，出版中）。
Recall of a portion of a previously experienced list benefits subsequent recall of that portion of the list but leads to poorer recall of nonpracticed items from the same set (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994). One explanation for this retrieval-induced forgetting is that during practice of part of a set, the nonpracticed items compete for recall and are suppressed; this suppression process inhibits later recall of the nonpracticed items. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between distinctive processing of the original set and retrieval-induced forgetting, on the assumption that distinctive processing reduces response competition. In the first experiment, distinctive processing induced by difference judgments among the studied items did reduce forgetting relative to a standard encoding task and a similarity judgment task. In fact, the difference judgment task completely eliminated retrieval-induced forgetting. In the second experiment, the similarity judgment task was analyzed in relation to a task assumed to foster associative integration (Anderson & McCulloch,1999). Even though the similarity judgment met the requirements for associative integration, retrieval-induced forgetting persisted following similarity judgment. The results are consistent with the view that distinctive processing benefits memory within an organizational context (Hunt & McDaniel, 1993; Smith & Hunt, in press).