Studying Vulnerable Populations in the Context of Enhanced Vulnerability
Studying Vulnerable Populations in the Context of Enhanced Vulnerability
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-3864-5_11
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Macklin, Ruth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Macklin, Ruth
在灾难期间和灾难发生后立即出现的许多需求通常会使地方和国家政府以及人道主义组织达到极限。人力和财力资源往往不足以满足灾难受害者的医疗保健、清洁水、足够的食物和住所的要求。那么，人们如何证明在灾害发生期间或之后不久进行研究是正当的呢？灾害发生后的人们由于各种因素而变得脆弱，包括受伤、恐惧、悲伤、食物和水不足、失去住房以及有时伴随灾害而来的疾病爆发。此外，整个人口或部分人口在灾害发生前可能在某种程度上处于弱势：他们可能粮食无保障、缺乏饮用水、保健不足或面临流行病的风险。因此，许多人在灾难发生后变得加倍甚至三倍脆弱。由此产生的伦理问题是，灾害受害者的脆弱性是否会妨碍在灾害发生期间或之后不久进行研究。
The many needs that arise during and immediately following a disaster normally stretch local and national governments and humanitarian organisations to the limit. Both human and financial resources are often inadequate to meet the requirements of medical care, clean water, sufficient food and shelter for victims of the disaster. How, then, can one justify conducting research during or shortly after disaster strikes? People caught in the wake of a disaster are rendered vulnerable by a variety of factors, including injuries, fear, grief, inadequate food and water, loss of housing, and disease outbreaks that sometimes accompany disasters. In addition, an entire population or segments of the population may have been vulnerable to some extent before the disaster struck: they may have food insecurity, lack of potable water, inadequate health care, or be at risk from endemic diseases. Therefore, many people are rendered doubly or even triply vulnerable in the wake of a disaster. The ethical question that arises is whether the vulnerability of victims of a disaster militates against conducting research during or soon after the event.