Translational medicines research.
Translational medicines research.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drudis.2013.02.009
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
A. Palmer;Lars Sundstrom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Palmer;Lars Sundstrom
传统上，科学研究分为基础研究和应用研究两类。基础研究是由科学好奇心驱动的，并不一定具有明显的实用价值，而应用研究是为了解决实际问题，而不是为了获取知识而进行的。因此，基础研究人员和应用研究人员占据不同的世界，拥有不同的文化，有不同的动力。在医学领域，这使得难以将基础研究成果转化为增进人类健康和福祉的实际应用。为了弥补这一差距，1968年提出了转化（或从实验室到床边）研究的概念，并导致了转化医学研究（TMR）的概念[1-3]。TMR正在迅速扩大和发展。欧盟委员会（European Commission）和美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）都把开发新药的转化研究列为优先事项。它们资助了这一领域的一些重大举措，包括：(i)创新药物倡议（IMI）；（ii）国家转化科学促进中心和（iii）关键路径倡议[3]。国家倡议也在出现。其中包括：(i)英格兰国家卫生研究所的转化研究伙伴关系；（ii）威尔士生命科学基金；（iii）苏格兰转化医学合作；以及在中华人民共和国建立的众多转化医学研究中心。此外，在许多学术中心、非政府组织、制药公司和与疾病有关的组织以及个别医院和学术保健中心建立了转化研究组织和方案。随着致力于这一领域的科学期刊的出现，“转化研究”一词也越来越得到认可和理解。这些
Traditionally, scientific research has been categorised as either fundamental or applied. Fundamental research is driven by scientific curiosity and does not necessarily have any obvious practical value, whereas applied research is designed to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for its own sake. Fundamental and applied researchers therefore occupy different worlds, possess distinct cultures and have different drivers. In the medical domain, this makes it difficult to translate fundamental research results into practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. To help bridge this gap, the concept of translational (or bench-to-bedside) research was proposed in 1968 and has led to the concept of translational medicines research (TMR)[1–3].TMR is expanding and evolving very rapidly. Both the European Commission and the US National Institutes of Health have made translational research to develop new medicines a priority. They have funded a number of major initiatives in this area, including:(i) the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI);(ii) the National Centre for Advancement of Translational Sciences and (iii) the Critical Path Initiative [3]. National initiatives are also appearing. These include:(i) the Translational Research Partnerships at the National Institute of Health Research in England;(ii) the Life Sciences Wales Fund;(iii) the Scottish Translational Medicines Collaboration; and the numerous translational medicines research centres established in the People’s Republic of China. In addition, translational research organisations and programmes have been established in many academic centres, nongovernment organisations, pharmaceutical companies and disease-related organisations, along with individual hospitals and academic health centres. The term ‘translational research’is also becoming increasingly recognised and understood with the emergence of scientific journals dedicated to this area [4]. These