Characterization of a Radical SAM Oxygenase for the Ether Crosslinking in Darobactin Biosynthesis.

Characterization of a Radical SAM Oxygenase for the Ether Crosslinking in Darobactin Biosynthesis.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c05565
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发表时间:
2022-10-19
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Yokoyama, Kenichi
Yokoyama, Kenichi
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nguyen, Hai;Kresna, I. Dewa Made;Boehringer, Nils;Ruel, Jeremie;de la Mora, Eugenio;Kramer, Jil-Christine;Lewis, Kim;Nicolet, Yvain;Schaeberle, Till F.;Yokoyama, Kenichi

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Darobactin A 是一种核糖体合成的翻译后修饰肽 (RiPP),具有有效、广谱的抗革兰氏阴性抗生素活性。 Darobactin A 的结构特点是醚和 C-C 交联。然而,交联形成的具体机制,尤其是醚交联,仍然难以捉摸。在这里,使用体外酶测定,我们证明两个交联都是由 DarE 自由基 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 (SAM) 酶以 O2 依赖性方式形成。通过将 DarE 产物蛋白水解转化为 darobactin A,证明了观察到的活性与 darobactin A 生物合成的相关性。此外,在 18O2 或 [18O]水存在下进行的 DarE 测定表明,醚交联的氧源自 O2 而不是来自水。这些结果表明 DarE 是一种自由基 SAM 酶,在其生理相关功能中使用氧作为辅助底物。由于自由基 SAM 酶通常被认为在厌氧环境下发挥作用,因此自由基 SAM 加氧酶的发现代表了范式的重大变化,并表明这些自由基 SAM 酶在需氧细胞中发挥作用。此外,研究还表明,DarE 催化 DarA 上三种不同修饰的形成;醚和 C-C 交联和 α,β-去饱和。基于这些观察,讨论了 DarE 催化反应的可能机制。
Darobactin A is a ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) with potent and broad-spectrum anti-Gram-negative antibiotic activity. The structure of darobactin A is characterized by an ether and C–C crosslinking. However, the specific mechanism of the crosslink formation, especially the ether crosslink, remains elusive. Here, using in vitro enzyme assays, we demonstrate that both crosslinks are formed by the DarE radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme in an O2-dependent manner. The relevance of the observed activity to darobactin A biosynthesis was demonstrated by proteolytic transformation of the DarE product into darobactin A. Furthermore, DarE assays in the presence of 18O2 or [18O]water demonstrated that the oxygen of the ether crosslink originates from O2 and not from water. These results demonstrate that DarE is a radical SAM enzyme that uses oxygen as a co-substrate in its physiologically relevant function. Since radical SAM enzymes are generally considered to function under anaerobic environments, the discovery of a radical SAM oxygenase represents a significant change in the paradigm and suggests that these radical SAM enzymes function in aerobic cells. Also, the study revealed that DarE catalyzes the formation of three distinct modifications on DarA; ether and C–C crosslinks and α,β-desaturation. Based on these observations, possible mechanisms of the DarE-catalyzed reactions are discussed.
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