Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality and psychopathology: Applications to substance use disorders
Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality and psychopathology: Applications to substance use disorders
复制标题
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.1997.58.48
复制
发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Walker, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard, MO;Kivlahan, D;Walker, RD
Objective.评估将Cloninger的人格三维理论应用于物质滥用者的研究。方法：在Medline和PsychInfo数据库中检索1986年至1995年中期发表的使用三维人格问卷（TPQ）的研究。进行了补充手动检索，以确定三维理论的其他评价。报告进行了审查，如果他们包括药物滥用者或相关的三维特征，以物质使用的措施。结果：因子分析并不一致地支持TPQ的三维性。新奇寻求（NS）特征区分酗酒者与非酗酒者，B型和2型酗酒者与A型和1型酗酒者，吸烟者与非吸烟者，以及有和无反社会人格障碍（ASPD）的个体（物质滥用者和非滥用者）。三维特征独立预测早发性酒精滥用和严重犯罪的研究，没有采用TPQ和并发药物滥用的青少年显着相关。大多数研究比较了非酒精性青年与积极和消极的酗酒家族史报告TPQ的差异不显着或非常小的影响。很少有酗酒者，吸烟者或酗酒者的儿子显示1型（低新奇寻求，高伤害回避，高奖励依赖）或2型（高新奇寻求，低伤害回避，低奖励依赖）TPQ配置文件，但很少有水平的三维特征确定参考既定的规范。结论：NS预测早发性酒精滥用和犯罪，并区分酗酒者表现出反社会行为和反社会人格障碍的人从他们的非反社会同行。伤害避免（HA）和奖励依赖TPQ分量表的结果不太一致。一些支持HA升高在物质使用强度中的作用已经被引证。目前，TPQ用于预防或临床目的的实用性尚未得到很好的确立。
Objective. To evaluate studies that applied Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality to substance abusers. Method: Medline and PsychInfo data bases were searched for studies published between 1986 and mid-1995 that used the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). A supplemental manual search was conducted to identify additional evaluations of the tridimensional theory. Reports were reviewed if they included substance abusers or related tridimensional traits to substance use measures. Results: Factor analyses did not consistently support the tridimensionality of the TPQ. Novelty Seeking (NS) traits distinguished alcoholics from nonalcoholics, Type B and Type 2 alcoholics from their Type A and Type 1 counterparts, smokers from nonsmokers, and individuals (substance abusers and nonabusers) with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Tridimensional traits independently predicted early onset alcohol abuse and serious delinquency in studies that did not employ the TPQ and were significantly associated with concurrent substance abuse among adolescents. Most studies that compared nonalcoholic youth with positive and negative family histories of alcoholism reported nonsignificant TPQ differences or very small effects. Few alcoholics, cigarette smokers or sons of alcoholics displayed Type 1 (low novelty seeking, high harm avoidance, high reward dependence) or Type 2 (high novelty seeking, low harm avoidance, low reward dependence) TPQ profiles, but rarely were levels of tridimensional traits determined by reference to established norms. Conclusions: NS predicts early onset alcohol abuse and criminality and discriminates alcoholics exhibiting antisocial behavior and persons with ASPD from their nonantisocial counterparts. Findings for the Harm Avoidance (HA) and Reward Dependence TPQ subscales are much less consistent. Some support for the role of elevated HA in intensity of substance use has been adduced. At present, the utility of the TPQ for prevention or clinical purposes is not well established.