History of oral contraceptive drugs and their use worldwide
History of oral contraceptive drugs and their use worldwide
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.beem.2012.11.004
复制
发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Christin-Maitre, Sophie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christin-Maitre, Sophie
1960年5月，联邦药品管理局（FDA）批准了第一种激素药丸Enovid（R）。它含有美雌醇和炔诺酮。多年来，口服避孕药通过逐渐降低炔雌醇（EE）含量，引入17 β雌二醇和许多不同的孕激素而发展。标准方案允许21天的含类固醇药丸和7天的无药丸间隔。最近，连续或延长的方案已被批准。为了提高依从性，已经开发了复合口服避孕药（COC）的替代给药途径，例如阴道或经皮途径。根据联合国的数据，2009年，已婚或同居妇女使用避孕药的全球平均百分比为62.7%。COC占避孕普及率的8.8%，在较发达国家达到15.4%。全世界有1亿多妇女使用COCs。然而，每年都有许多意外怀孕发生，这表明避孕仍需推广。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The first hormonal pill, called Enovid (R), was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in May 1960. It contained mestranol and norethisterone. Over the years, oral contraceptives have evolved through gradual lowering of ethinyl estradiol (EE) content, introduction of 17 beta estradiol, and many different progestins. The standard regimen allows for 21 days of pill containing steroids and a pill-free interval of 7 days. Recently, continuous or extended regimens have been approved. In order to improve compliance, alternative routes of combined oral contraceptive (COC) administration have been developed such as vaginal or transdermal routes.In 2009, according to the United Nations, the mean global percentage using contraception in women who are married or in union was 62.7%. COC represented 8.8% of contraceptive prevalence, reaching 15.4% in more developed countries. More than 100 million women worldwide use COCs. However, each year, many unintended pregnancies occur, indicating that contraception still needs to be promoted. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.