Use of Soft Heterocyclic N-Donor Ligands To Separate Actinides and Lanthanides
Use of Soft Heterocyclic N-Donor Ligands To Separate Actinides and Lanthanides
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DOI：
10.1021/ic3008848
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Lewis, Frank W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hudson, Michael J.;Harwood, Laurence M.;Lewis, Frank W.
从使用过的核燃料中去除寿命最长的放射性有毒元素----微量锕系元素----被认为是提高公众接受核能作为低碳能源未来的关键组成部分的重要步骤。一旦从剩余的使用过的燃料中去除，这些元素就可以在快堆中作为燃料使用，或者在地质处置之前通过嬗变转化为寿命较短或稳定的元素。SANEX工艺被提出来通过溶剂萃取进行这种选择性分离。作为未来核燃料管理和后处理战略的一部分，最近的努力，能够从镧系元素中分离放射性次要锕系元素的试剂的开发进行了审查。总结了目前普雷克斯萃余液后处理的策略，确定了锕系元素选择性试剂设计的指导原则。然后总结了不同类别的溶剂萃取试剂的开发和测试，涵盖了一些最早的配体设计，直到目前选择的试剂，双（1，2，4-三嗪）配体。最后，我们总结了研究，旨在发展一个基本的理解的根本原因，优秀的萃取能力和高锕系元素/镧系元素的选择性，这类配体和我们最近的努力，将这些试剂的固相。
The removal of the most long-lived radiotoxic elements from used nuclear fuel, minor actinides, is foreseen as an essential step toward increasing the public acceptance of nuclear energy as a key component of a low-carbon energy future. Once removed from the remaining used fuel, these elements can be used as fuel in their own right in fast reactors or converted into shorter-lived or stable elements by transmutation prior to geological disposal. The SANEX process is proposed to carry out this selective separation by solvent extraction. Recent efforts to develop reagents capable of separating the radioactive minor actinides from lanthanides as part of a future strategy for the management and reprocessing of used nuclear fuel are reviewed. The current strategies for the reprocessing of PUREX raffinate are summarized, and some guiding principles for the design of actinide-selective reagents are defined. The development and testing of different classes of solvent extraction reagent are then summarized, covering some of the earliest ligand designs right through to the current reagents of choice, bis(1,2,4-triazine) ligands. Finally, we summarize research aimed at developing a fundamental understanding of the underlying reasons for the excellent extraction capabilities and high actinide/lanthanide selectivities shown by this class of ligands and our recent efforts to immobilize these reagents onto solid phases.