Flower biology and ontogeny of the tung tree (Vernicia fordiiHemsl.)
Flower biology and ontogeny of the tung tree (Vernicia fordiiHemsl.)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00468-020-02041-3
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Zhang, Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Wenying;Liu, Meilan;Zhang, Lin
油桐雌花少是造成油桐产量低的主要原因。油桐（Vernicia fordii Hemsl.），一种经济上重要的木本油料植物，从种子中生产出极好的快干油，几个世纪以来一直被用作项目和表面的保护涂层。了解油桐的性别决定和花发育规律，有助于油桐的高产栽培和优良新品种的选育。但对油桐花的生物学和个体发育的研究还很缺乏。本文从花周期、花形态和花发育等方面对油桐花的生物学和个体发育进行了系统的研究。将雌雄同株油桐的花序物候期划分为12个关键时期，并将其作为一个独特的时间轴来参考整个花周期中记录的事件。还对孢子发生和配子发生进行了组织学研究。同时，将花周期中所有独特的事件联系起来，表明花序发育物候期、雌花和雄花发育与其胚胎发育之间的相关性。我们种植园的油桐树分为三大类，即，雌雄同株、雌花同株和雄花同株的树，每个花序产生不同数量的果实。作者认为，油桐雌花数量少是造成油桐产量低的主要原因，任何增加油桐雌花数量的措施都能有效地提高油桐产量。
Low number of pistillate flowers in the tung tree is a major factor causing the low yield of tung fruits. The tung tree (Vernicia fordii Hemsl.), an economically important woody oil plant, produces excellent fast-drying oil from the seeds which has been used as a protective finish on projects and surfaces for centuries. Knowledge of sex determination and flower development of tung trees is helpful for high-yield cultivation and breeding of new elite cultivars. However, studies on tung flower biology and ontogeny are still lacking. Here, we reported a comprehensive study of the flower biology and ontogeny of the tung tree, focusing on flower cycle, flower morphology and flower development. The inflorescence phenophases of monoecious tung trees were divided into 12 pivotal stages and used as a unique timeline to reference the events registered throughout the flower cycle. Histological studies on sporogenesis and gametogenesis were also conducted. Meanwhile, all the unique events throughout flower cycle were linked together to show the correlation between inflorescence development phenophases, pistillate and staminate flower stages and its embryological development. Tung trees in our plantation were grouped into three major types, i.e., monoecious, gynoecious and androecious trees which produced different number of fruits in each inflorescence. We propose that low number of pistillate flowers in the tung tree is a major factor causing the low yield of tung fruits, and that any measures increasing the number of pistillate flowers would effectively improve the yield of tung fruits.