Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon
Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon
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DOI：
10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Sabine, C. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khatiwala, S.;Tanhua, T.;Sabine, C. L.
全球海洋是人为碳(C-ANT)的重要汇，吸收了工业时代人类排放的大约三分之一的二氧化碳。因此，对海洋中碳-蚂蚁的储存和分布的大小和可变性进行可靠的估计，对于了解人类对气候的影响是重要的。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了对海洋中C-ANT存储和运输的观测和基于模型的估计。我们特别注意不同推理方案中固有的不确定性和潜在偏差。在全球范围内，现已有对C-ANT分布和库存的三种基于数据的估计。虽然库存在其不确定性范围内被发现是一致的，但在空间分布上有相当大的差异。我们还回顾了将C-ANT的海洋内部估计与数值海洋环流模式相结合的反演和数据同化技术的应用进展。这种方法特别适用于估算大气-海洋通量和C-ANT的内部输送，否则很难直接观察到这些量。然而，结果被发现高度依赖于模拟的环流，不同海洋模型造成的扩散至少与用于估计C-ANT的不同观测方法的扩散一样大。我们的综述还强调了在存在被其他方法忽略的循环可变性的情况下，重复测量水文图形和生物地球化学参数以估计十年时间尺度上的C-ANT储量的重要性。基于数据的C-ANT估计对正向海洋模型提供了重要的约束，这些模型显示出相对于观测场的广泛相似性和区域误差。C-ANT清单的汇编给出了2010年全球海洋人为碳清单的“最佳”估计为155+/-31PGC(+/-20%不确定度)。这一估计包括了广泛的数值，这表明，为了实现对海洋人为二氧化碳沉降量的可靠量化，有必要结合各种方法。
The global ocean is a significant sink for anthropogenic carbon (C-ant), absorbing roughly a third of human CO2 emitted over the industrial period. Robust estimates of the magnitude and variability of the storage and distribution of C-ant in the ocean are therefore important for understanding the human impact on climate. In this synthesis we review observational and model-based estimates of the storage and transport of C-ant in the ocean. We pay particular attention to the uncertainties and potential biases inherent in different inference schemes. On a global scale, three data-based estimates of the distribution and inventory of C-ant are now available. While the inventories are found to agree within their uncertainty, there are considerable differences in the spatial distribution. We also present a review of the progress made in the application of inverse and data assimilation techniques which combine ocean interior estimates of C-ant with numerical ocean circulation models. Such methods are especially useful for estimating the air-sea flux and interior transport of C-ant, quantities that are otherwise difficult to observe directly. However, the results are found to be highly dependent on modeled circulation, with the spread due to different ocean models at least as large as that from the different observational methods used to estimate C-ant. Our review also highlights the importance of repeat measurements of hydro-graphic and biogeochemical parameters to estimate the storage of C-ant on decadal timescales in the presence of the variability in circulation that is neglected by other approaches. Data-based C-ant estimates provide important constraints on forward ocean models, which exhibit both broad similarities and regional errors relative to the observational fields. A compilation of inventories of C-ant gives us a "best" estimate of the global ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon in 2010 of 155 +/- 31 PgC (+/- 20% uncertainty). This estimate includes a broad range of values, suggesting that a combination of approaches is necessary in order to achieve a robust quantification of the ocean sink of anthropogenic CO2.