Preschool children with intellectual disability: syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well-being
Preschool children with intellectual disability: syndrome specificity, behaviour problems, and maternal well-being
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00699.x
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Blacher, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenhower, AS;Baker, BL;Blacher, J
智力残疾儿童出现行为问题和被诊断为精神障碍的风险较高。同样，患有本我症的孩子的母亲比发育正常的孩子的母亲压力更大。对行为表型的研究表明，不同的ID综合征可能与不同的儿童行为风险和孕产妇健康风险相关。在本研究中，母亲报告的儿童行为问题和母亲的福祉被检查为综合征特异性差异。方法对215例学龄前儿童（典型发育迟缓、未分化发育迟缓、唐氏综合征、自闭症、脑瘫）的早期表现和持续性进行分析，并分析各综合征组与产妇幸福感的关系。结果自闭症和脑瘫儿童在3岁时表现出最高水平的行为问题，唐氏综合症儿童和典型发育儿童表现出最低水平的行为问题。据报道，自闭症儿童的母亲比其他所有群体的母亲更有育儿压力。除了唐氏综合症组和脑瘫组的行为问题和母亲压力相对增加外，这些特定综合征的行为模式和母亲压力在3岁、4岁和5岁时都是稳定的。即使考虑到行为问题和认知水平的差异，儿童综合症也会造成母亲的压力。结论：这些结果虽然基于小的综合征组，但表明行为问题的表型表达早在3岁时就表现出来了。这些行为差异与母亲压力的差异是平行的，例如自闭症儿童的母亲面临高压力的风险更高。此外，除了行为问题之外，这些综合症似乎还有其他未经检查的特征，这些特征也会造成产妇压力。
Background Children with intellectual disability (ID) are at heightened risk for behaviour problems and diagnosed mental disorder. Likewise, mothers of children with ID are more stressed than mothers of typically developing children. Research on behavioural phenotypes suggests that different syndromes of ID may be associated with distinct child behavioural risks and maternal well-being risks. In the present study, maternal reports of child behaviour problems and maternal well-being were examined for syndrome-specific differences.Methods The present authors studied the early manifestation and continuity of syndrome-specific behaviour problems in 215 preschool children belonging to 5 groups (typically developing, undifferentiated developmental delays, Down syndrome, autism, cerebral palsy) as well as the relation of syndrome group to maternal well-being.Results At age 3, children with autism and cerebral palsy showed the highest levels of behaviour problems, and children with Down syndrome and typically developing children showed the lowest levels. Mothers of children with autism reported more parenting stress than all other groups. These syndrome-specific patterns of behaviour and maternal stress were stable across ages 3, 4 and 5 years, except for relative increases in behaviour problems and maternal stress in the Down syndrome and cerebral palsy groups. Child syndrome contributed to maternal stress even after accounting for differences in behaviour problems and cognitive level.Conclusions These results, although based on small syndrome groups, suggest that phenotypic expressions of behaviour problems are manifested as early as age 3. These behavioural differences were paralleled by differences in maternal stress, such that mothers of children with autism are at elevated risk for high stress. In addition, there appear to be other unexamined characteristics of these syndromes, beyond behaviour problems, which also contribute to maternal stress.