GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective.
GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/490842
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Banerjee SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adela R;Banerjee SK
生长分化因子-15 (GDF-15) 是一种应激反应性细胞因子。在正常和病理状态下，它在心肌细胞、脂肪细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞中高表达。 GDF-15 在组织损伤和炎症状态下会增加，并且与心脏代谢风险相关。 GDF-15水平升高与心血管疾病有关，如肥厚、心力衰竭、动脉粥样硬化、内皮功能障碍、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病和糖尿病中的慢性肾脏疾病。 GDF-15 水平升高与疾病的进展和预后有关。年龄、吸烟和环境因素是可能增加 GDF-15 水平的其他危险因素。大多数科学研究报告称，GDF-15 在不同组织中发挥保护作用。然而，很少有报道表明 GDF-15 的缺乏有益于对抗血管损伤和炎症。 GDF-15 通过抑制 JNK（c-Jun N 末端激酶）、Bad（Bcl-2 相关死亡启动子）和 EGFR（表皮生长因子受体）并激活 Smad、eNOS、PI3K 和 AKT 信号通路来保护心脏、脂肪组织和内皮细胞。本综述描述了 GDF-15 在糖尿病和心血管疾病中的不同动物和临床研究以及专利更新。利用 GDF-15 信息进行患者监测、临床决策以及替代当前糖尿病和心血管疾病的治疗策略对科学界来说是一个挑战。
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress responsive cytokine. It is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in normal and pathological condition. GDF-15 increases during tissue injury and inflammatory states and is associated with cardiometabolic risk. Increased GDF-15 levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases in diabetes. Increased GDF-15 level is linked with the progression and prognosis of the disease condition. Age, smoking, and environmental factors are other risk factors that may increase GDF-15 level. Most of the scientific studies reported that GDF-15 plays a protective role in different tissues. However, few reports show that the deficiency of GDF-15 is beneficial against vascular injury and inflammation. GDF-15 protects heart, adipose tissue, and endothelial cells by inhibiting JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), Bad (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), and EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and activating Smad, eNOS, PI3K, and AKT signaling pathways. The present review describes the different animal and clinical studies and patent updates of GDF-15 in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is a challenge for the scientific community to use GDF-15 information for patient monitoring, clinical decision-making, and replacement of current treatment strategies for diabetic and cardiovascular diseases.