Domestic mammals facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission networks in South African wildlife
Domestic mammals facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission networks in South African wildlife
复制标题
家养哺乳动物促进了南非野生动物中蜱传病原体的传播网络
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2018.03.017
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Cumming, Graeme S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Espinaze, Marcela P. A.;Hellard, Eleonore;Cumming, Graeme S.
由于环境的变化使野生动物和家养动物更加接近，跨物种疾病传播已成为野生动物保护的一大担忧。壁虱传播疾病的全球影响需要了解病原体在不同宿主物种之间的传播动态。家畜经常被饲养在保护区附近，并经常与野生动物共处栖息地。宿主群落组成对壁虱传播的影响仍然知之甚少，这使得很难确定与家畜共处栖息地是否会增加野生动物种群中的壁虱传播疾病。我们以寄主为节点，以共有种类为纽带，采用网络分析的方法，对南非54个种类的35,349个样本进行了分析。在所有生命阶段，93个哺乳动物物种通过总共3105个链接联系在一起。绵羊、山羊和狗是网络连接的特别重要的家养物种；对于野生动物来说，皮肤柔软的较小哺乳动物，如丛林野兔。尽管南非扁虱在野生动物上表现出一定的专业性，但网络分析表明，对国内宿主的机会性摄食可能会导致传播路径缩短，并促进病原体在哺乳动物物种之间传播。哺乳动物物种通过它们共享的扁虱物种高度相互联系，而家养哺乳动物显著增加了疾病传播的风险。这些发现支持采取保护措施，限制家养和野生哺乳动物之间的接触，以减少扁虱传播疾病的传播。在保护区放牧必须根据对家畜和野生动物的疾病风险以及可能对人的疾病风险进行评估。
As changes in the environment have brought wild and domestic animals into closer proximity, cross-species disease transmission has become a major concern in wildlife conservation. The worldwide impacts of tick-borne diseases require an understanding of pathogen transmission dynamics across different host species. Livestock are often kept near protected areas and frequently share habitat with wild animals The influence of host community composition on tick-borne pathogen transmission remains poorly understood, making it difficult to determine whether sharing habitats with domestic livestock increases tick-borne disease in wildlife populations. We used network analysis to analyse 35,349 collections of 54 tick species in South Africa, treating hosts as nodes and shared tick species as links. Across all life stages, 93 mammalian species were connected by a total of 3105 links. Sheep, goats, and dogs were particularly important domestic species for network connectivity; and for wild animals, soft-skinned, smaller mammals such as the scrub hare. Although South African ticks exhibit some specialization on wild animals, network analysis showed that opportunistic feeding on domestic hosts can lead to shortened transmission pathways and facilitate pathogen spread between mammal species. Mammal species are highly interconnected through the tick species that they share, and domestic mammals significantly increase the risk of disease transmission. These findings support conservation measures that limit contact between domestic and wild mammals to reduce tick-borne disease transmission. Grazing in protected areas must be evaluated in light of disease risks to both domestic and wild animals, and potentially also to people.