The Influence of Operational Sex Ratio on the Intensity of Competition for Mates
The Influence of Operational Sex Ratio on the Intensity of Competition for Mates
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DOI：
10.1086/657918
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weir, Laura K.;Grant, James W. A.;Hutchings, Jeffrey A.
第二性征和第二性征行为的进化和维持在很大程度上受到种群中个体交配成功率差异的影响。可操作性比（OSR）通常被用作配偶竞争强度的预测指标，因为它描述了准备交配的男性和女性的相对数量。我们调查的变化，侵略，求爱，配偶守卫，和精子释放作为一个功能的OSR使用元分析技术的变化。随着OSR变得越来越有偏见，侵略性随着竞争者试图保护配偶而增加，但这种侵略性在OSR为1.99时开始减少，可能是由于竞争成本增加，因为竞争对手变得越来越多。精子释放遵循类似但不显著的趋势。相反，求偶率下降的OSR变得越来越偏向，而配偶守卫和交配持续时间增加。总体而言，可预测的行为变化发生在响应OSR，虽然变化的性质是依赖于交配行为的类型。这些结果表明，相当大的灵活性交配系统的结构内的物种，这可以预测的OSR和可能的结果在性选择的强度变化。
The evolution and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics and behavior are heavily influenced by the variance in mating success among individuals in a population. The operational sex ratio (OSR) is often used as a predictor of the intensity of competition for mates, as it describes the relative number of males and females who are ready to mate. We investigate changes in aggression, courtship, mate guarding, and sperm release as a function of changes in the OSR using meta-analytic techniques. As the OSR becomes increasingly biased, aggression increases as competitors attempt to defend mates, but this aggression begins to decrease at an OSR of 1.99, presumably due to the increased costs of competition as rivals become more numerous. Sperm release follows a similar but not significant trend. By contrast, courtship rate decreases as the OSR becomes increasingly biased, whereas mate guarding and copulation duration increase. Overall, predictable behavioral changes occur in response to OSR, although the nature of the change is dependent on the type of mating behavior. These results suggest considerable flexibility of mating system structure within species, which can be predicted by OSR and likely results in variation in the strength of sexual selection.