Beaver as Engineers: Influences on Biotic and Abiotic Characteristics of Drainage Basins
Beaver as Engineers: Influences on Biotic and Abiotic Characteristics of Drainage Basins
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海狸作为工程师：对排水盆地生物和非生物特征的影响
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4615-1773-3_12
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
G. Pinay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pollock;R. Naiman;H. Erickson;C. Johnston;J. Pastor;G. Pinay
我们回顾了海狸（Castor canadensis）如何通过改变河道和河岸森林的物理性质来影响生态系统状态和过程（如生物地球化学循环、养分保留、地貌、生物多样性、群落动态和结构复杂性）。海狸通过改变水文环境来影响化学元素的分布、存量和有效性；水坝截留沉积物，改变河流地貌；并随着水面面积的增加和先前封闭的森林冠层的开放而改变小气候。海狸还增加了植物、脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的多样性和生物量，并改变了河岸群落的演替动态。非生物和生物影响在空间上都是广泛和持久的，影响系统级的模式和过程长达数十年至数百年。我们的结论是，生态系统水平的状态和过程可以被某些物种（如海狸）的种群动态从根本上改变，动物对生态系统的影响程度和多样性被低估了。
We review how beaver (Castor canadensis) affect ecosystem states and processes (e.g., biogeochemical cycles, nutrient retention, geomorphology, biodiversity, community dynamics, and structural complexity) by altering the physical properties of stream channels and riparian forests. Beaver influence the distribution, standing stocks, and availability of chemical elements by changing the hydrology; alter stream geomorphology as dams trap sediments; and change microclimates as water surface area increases and with the opening of previously closed forest canopies. Beaver also increase plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate diversity and biomass, and also alter the successional dynamics of riparian communities. Both abiotic and biotic influences are spatially extensive and long-lasting, affecting system level patterns and processes for decades to centuries. We conclude that ecosystem-level states and processes can be altered radically by the population dynamics of certain species such as beaver and that the magnitude and diversity of animal influence on ecosystems has been underestimated.