PSYCHOPATHY AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION DURING PERFORMANCE OF A COMPLEX PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR TASK
PSYCHOPATHY AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION DURING PERFORMANCE OF A COMPLEX PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR TASK
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb03280.x
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
HARE, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JUTAI, JW;HARE, RD
在向精神病态程度高（H）和低（L）的监狱囚犯呈现一系列双耳音脉冲时，记录了他们的自主神经和皮层电活动，这些音脉冲要么是单独呈现（被动注意），要么是在玩电子游戏时呈现（选择性注意）。在选择性注意期间，受试者被告知音脉冲与主要任务（电子游戏）无关。听觉诱发电位的N100成分被用作对音脉冲注意力的指标，而电子游戏的表现被认为是对主要任务注意力的反映。在被动注意期间，N100振幅或潜伏期在两组之间没有差异，这支持了之前几项研究的结果。在选择性注意期间，H组在每次电子游戏试验（包括第一次试验）中对音脉冲的N100反应较小，而L组在第一次试验中对音脉冲的N100反应较大，在后续试验中反应较小。两组在最初几次试验中的表现同样良好，但在最后几次试验中，L组的表现持续提高，而H组的表现则下降。研究结果根据注意力的有限容量模型进行了解释，并为精神病态者将相对较大比例的注意力资源分配给当下感兴趣的事物，而有效忽略其他刺激这一假设提供了一些支持。
Autonomic and electrocortical activity were recorded while prison inmates with high (H) and low (L) ratings of psychopathy were presented with a series of binaural tone pips, either by themselves (passive attention) or while video games were being played (selective attention). During selective attention the subjects were told that the tone pips were irrelevant to the primary task, the video games. The N100 component of the auditory evoked potential was used as an index of attention paid to the tone pips, while performance on the video games was considered to be a reflection of attentiveness to the primary task. There were no group differences in N100 amplitude or latency during passive attention, supporting the results from several previous studies. During selective attention group H gave small N100 responses to the tone pips during each video game trial, including the 1st one, while group L gave large N100 responses to the tone pips during the 1st trial and small responses during later trials. Both groups performed equally well during the first few trials, but while the performance of group L continued to improve, that of group H deteriorated over the last few trials. The results were interpreted in terms of limited capacity models of attention and provided some support for the hypothesis that psychopaths allocate a relatively large proportion of their attentional resources to things of immediate interest, effectively ignoring other stimuli.