Mechanical and Biological Interactions of Implants with the Brain and Their Impact on Implant Design.
Mechanical and Biological Interactions of Implants with the Brain and Their Impact on Implant Design.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2016.00011
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Delbeke J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prodanov D;Delbeke J
神经假体已经有很长的历史了，但人工耳蜗术仍然是唯一一个长期恢复感觉功能的成功故事。另一方面，用于脑深部刺激的神经植入物正被用于治疗包括帕金森氏症和强迫症在内的各种疾病。预计该领域的进展受到技术和生物因素的综合阻碍，例如对植入物的长期行为的有限了解、装置的不可靠性、植入物的生物兼容性等。尽管该领域对生物-非生物界面相互作用的细胞生物学的理解有所提高，但对机械因素(应力、应变)以及可以调节它的几何形状的关注相对较少。本文重点综述了近年来对植入物与脑的机械相互作用机制的研究进展。综述了植入物与组织发生急性和慢性相互作用的因素：血脑屏障(BBB)破坏、血管损伤、微运动、扩散等，并提出了未来研究中需要考虑的一些设计限制因素。将从慢性局部炎症的角度讨论慢性细胞-种植体相互作用的各个方面以及调节它的方法。
Neural prostheses have already a long history and yet the cochlear implant remains the only success story about a longterm sensory function restoration. On the other hand, neural implants for deep brain stimulation are gaining acceptance for variety of disorders including Parkinsons disease and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is anticipated that the progress in the field has been hampered by a combination of technological and biological factors, such as the limited understanding of the longterm behavior of implants, unreliability of devices, biocompatibility of the implants among others. While the field's understanding of the cell biology of interactions at the biotic-abiotic interface has improved, relatively little attention has been paid on the mechanical factors (stress, strain), and hence on the geometry that can modulate it. This focused review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of the mechanisms of mechanical interaction between the implants and the brain. The review gives an overview of the factors by which the implants interact acutely and chronically with the tissue: blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach, vascular damage, micromotions, diffusion etc. We propose some design constraints to be considered in future studies. Aspects of the chronic cell-implant interaction will be discussed in view of the chronic local inflammation and the ways of modulating it.