Mapping callosal morphology and cognitive correlates - Effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure
Mapping callosal morphology and cognitive correlates - Effects of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure
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DOI：
10.1212/wnl.57.2.235
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发表时间：
2001-07-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Toga, AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sowell, ER;Mattson, SN;Toga, AW
背景：胎儿酒精综合症（FAS）中已记录胼胝体（CC）的异常，从其尺寸的细微减小到部分甚至完全发育不全。产前接触酒精也会导致神经认知缺陷。目的：1) 调查患有 FAS 的个体和产前接触大量酒精但没有 FAS 的个体（PEA 组）大脑内 CC 的大小、形状和位置的异常情况； 2）确定胼胝体畸形与认知测试表现之间是否存在关系。方法：使用 MRI 和新颖的基于表面的图像分析方法。通过高分辨率 MRI 以及言语学习和视觉空间能力的测量，对 20 名酒精暴露受试者（8 至 22 岁）以及 21 名正常对照者（8 至 25 岁）进行了研究。结果：除了胼胝体面积减少（最严重的是胼胝体压部）外，产前接触酒精的患者胼胝体也明显移位。在酒精暴露组中，该结构位于后部区域的更前部和下方，前部区域的定位相对正常。这些发现在 FAS 组中很重要，在 PEA 患者中也观察到类似但不太严重的模式。作者表明，CC 位移量与言语学习能力受损相关，并且 CC 位移比局部 CC 面积更能预测言语学习。大脑与行为的关系仅在酒精暴露组中才显着，并且这种影响不仅仅由整体言语智力功能受损介导。结论：这些结果进一步强调了中线大脑结构对产前酒精暴露的脆弱性。
Background: Abnormalities of the corpus callosum (CC) have been documented in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), ranging from subtle decrements in its size to partial and even complete agenesis. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is also known to result in neurocognitive deficits. Objective: To 1) investigate abnormalities in size, shape, and location of the CC within the brain in individuals with FAS and in those exposed to high amounts of alcohol prenatally but without FAS (PEA group); and 2) determine if there is a relationship between callosal dysmorphology and cognitive test performance. Methods: MRI and novel surface-based image analytic methods were used. Twenty alcohol-exposed subjects (8 to 22 years) along with 21 normal controls (8 to 25 years) were studied with high-resolution MRI and measures of verbal learning and visuospatial abilities. Results: In addition to callosal area reductions, most severe in the splenium, the CC is significantly displaced in patients exposed to alcohol prenatally. In the alcohol-exposed group, this structure lies more anterior and inferior in posterior regions with relatively normal localization of anterior regions. These findings are significant in the FAS group, and a similar but less severe pattern is observed in the PEA patients. The authors show that the amount of CC displacement is correlated with impairment in verbal learning ability and that CC displacement is a better predictor of verbal learning than regional CC area. The brain-behavior relationship is only significant within the alcohol-exposed group, and the effect is not solely mediated by overall impaired verbal intellectual functioning. Conclusions: These results further emphasize the vulnerability of midline brain structures to prenatal alcohol exposure.